Abstract
BackgroundCanine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s; it causes intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Since its emergence, CPV-2 has been replaced with new genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). Currently, information about the genotype prevalence of CPV-2 in Vietnam is limited. In the present study, we investigated the genotype prevalence and distribution of CPV-2 in the three regions of Vietnam.MethodsRectal swabs were collected from 260 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection from northern, central, and southern Vietnam from November 2016 to February 2018. All samples were identified as parvovirus positive by real-time PCR, and further genotyping was performed using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay.ResultsOf the 260 Vietnamese CPV-2 isolates, 6 isolates (2.31%) were identified as CPV-2a, 251 isolates (96.54%) were identified as CPV-2c and 3 isolates (1.15%) were untypable using the SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. In northern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 2.97% (3/101) and 97.3% (98/101), respectively. In central Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 1.11% (1/90) and 98.89% (89/90), respectively. In southern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 3.03% (2/66) and 96.97% (64/66), respectively. CPV-2b was not observed in this study. The VP2 genes of CPV-2c in Vietnam are more genetically similar to those of CPV-2c strains in China and Taiwan than to those of prototype CPV-2c strains (FJ222821) or the first Vietnamese CPV-2c (AB120727).ConclusionThe present study provides evidence that CPV-2c is the most prevalent variant in Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the recent Vietnamese CPV-2c isolates share a common evolutionary origin with Asian CPV-2c strains.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s; it causes intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea in kennels and dog shelters worldwide
SYBR-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification A total of 260 specimens were collected from suspected parvovirus-infected dogs in three regions of Vietnam, including northern, central and southern Vietnam
In the northern areas of Vietnam, CPV-2 cases often peak in November and January, while the peak time for central areas is from December to March, and the peak time for southern areas is in June and July (Fig. 1)
Summary
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s; it causes intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Information about the genotype prevalence of CPV-2 in Vietnam is limited. We investigated the genotype prevalence and distribution of CPV-2 in the three regions of Vietnam. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most dangerous enteropathogens, causing fatal disease in dogs and puppies worldwide [1]. CPV-2 is a rapidly evolving virus, leading to the mutation of novel variants since its first recognition in the late 1970s [5]. When a novel CPV-2 variant appears, it very rapidly replaces old variants [7, 8]. Hoang et al Virology Journal (2019) 16:52
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