MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PROXIMATE CONTENT, AND TOTAL PHENOL OF Lemna perpusilla Torr. GROWN IN SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

Abstract

Water lentils or duckweeds (Lemnoideae, Araceae family) grow abundantly in the tropical aquatic environments of West Java, Indonesia. There are several types of Lemna plants, however, in this study, we explored Lemna perpusilla Torr. grown in Ciparanje Pond, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia for its potential to be utilized as a fish feed supplement. The antioxidant activity of this small-sized plant is believed to belong to the phenolic compounds or other active secondary metabolites contained in the plant. Methods used were molecular docking study, the proximate analysis, antioxidant activity using DPPH reagent, and determination of the total phenolic compounds of the plant. The molecular docking simulation was performed between zeaxanthin, lutein, carotenoid, and stigmasterol with the NADPH-dependent human carbonyl reductase-1 (hCBR-1), an enzyme that works by protecting cells against cellular damage resulting from oxidative stress. Phytochemical screening showed that our Lemna positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids or carotenoids, polyphenols, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. Molecular docking simulation revealed that stigmasterol, lutein, zeaxanthin, and carotenoid in this plant could interact with important residues in the catalytic site of hCBR-1. The proximate analysis indicated a high content of crude protein and fat. The antioxidant activity conveyed a strong activity which is parallel with its total phenolic compounds content. It can be concluded that Lemna perpusilla Torr. grown in Ciparanje Pond, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia is the potential to be utilized as a fish feed supplement.