Molecular differentiation between Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel and Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel using nuclear SSR markers.

Jabuticaba is a native fruit from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The fruit is commercialized in Brazil and in the world in its fresh and processed forms due to its attractive colour and flavour. The objective of this study was to quantify the chemical properties and bioactive compounds in fruits from two jabuticaba species that have rarely been study, ‘Pendula’ (Plinia trunciflora) and ‘Ponhema’ (Plinia cauliflora). Extracts of jabuticaba fruits species ‘Pendula’ and ‘Ponhema’ were evaluated by SPME combined with GC–MS for volatile compounds. Organic acids, sugars, and ascorbic acid were determined by HPLC. Minerals were determined by ICP-OES, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ORAC assay), and centesimal composition were assayed on the same jabuticabas extracts. Jabuticaba ‘Pendula’ presented higher levels of ash (4.26 g 100 g−1), lipids (1.21 g 100 g−1), proteins (5.07 g 100 g−1), dietary fibers (29.73 g 100 g−1) and minerals (1122.91 mg 100 g−1). Jabuticaba ‘Ponhema’ expressed higher amounts of total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) (0.10 g 100 g−1), total flavonoids (0.08 g 100 g−1) and total phenolic compounds (0.43 g 100 g−1). These two species had high antioxidant capacity (5.73–9.12 mmol trolox 100 g−1 by DPPH method and 23.54–71.16 mmol trolox 100 g−1 by ORAC method). There were found 37 new compounds, mainly terpenes (67%), that have not been previously described in jabuticaba fruit. Jabuticaba ‘Pendula’ and ‘Ponhema’ fruits can be beneficial to the human diet and potentially serve as raw material for industrial purposes.

Summary Genetic data are frequently used to make inferences about evolutionary and ecological processes, but the choice of the number of genetic markers and samples for such studies is usually ad hoc. Unfortunately, suboptimal sampling routinely leads to ambiguous results. spotg is a user-friendly software for optimizing sampling strategy for five common genetic study topics: hybridization, temporal sampling, bottlenecks, connectivity and assignment. spotg facilitates formal evaluation of the expected statistical power of proposed sampling strategies before project implementation, by using stochastic genetic simulations of realistic population scenarios and various sampling schemes. We demonstrate use of the tool with two example species (lynx and bison) in which demographic history differs; the appropriate sampling strategy for detecting a genetic bottleneck differs dramatically between the two cases, with important implications for sample planning. spotg has an interactive graphical tool for exploring results, and extensive documentation, tips and tutorials to enable use by conservation managers, ecologists beginning to use genetics and students.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o pegamento e desenvolvimento dos enxertos de duas espécies de Jabuticaba (Plinia spp.), testando diferentes tipos de garfos. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições, no esquema fatorial 2x3 (espécie x tipo de garfo), com a unidade experimental composta por uma planta. Utilizaram-se as espécies Plinia trunciflora e Plinia cauliflora enxertadas sobre P. cauliflora por garfagem de topo em fenda cheia, utilizando-se garfos herbáceos (diâmetro menor de 3mm), semi-lenhosos de baixo calibre (diâmetro de 3-5mm) e semi-lenhosos de médio calibre (diâmetro de 5-7mm). A espécie P. trunciflora proporcionou um número de brotações superior e um comprimento de brotação 44% inferior à espécie P. cauliflora. Para percentual de brotação, não se observou diferença significativa entre as espécies testadas. Os garfos semi-lenhosos de baixo calibre favoreceram o aumento significativo do pegamento e do número de brotação em comparação aos garfos herbáceos, não diferindo significativamente, no entanto, dos garfos semi-lenhosos.

Castanopsis chinensis (Spreng.) Hance is widespread in the subtropical forests of China. Castanopsis qiongbeiensis G.A. Fu and Castanopsis glabrifolia J. Q. Li & Li Chen are limited to the coastal beaches of Wenchang county in the northeast of Hainan Island, and have similar morphological characteristics to C. chinensis. It is supposed that C. qiongbeiensis and C. glabrifolia are closely related to C. chinensis. In the present study, the genetic differentiation, gene flow, and genetic relationship of C. chinensis, C. qiongbeiensis, and C. glabrifolia were investigated by using 15 nuclear microsatellite markers; a total of 308 individuals from 17 populations were sampled in the three species. The allelic variation of nuclear microsatellites revealed moderate but significant genetic differentiation (FCT = 0.076) among C. chinensis, C. qiongbeiensis, and C. glabrifolia, and genetic differentiation between C. chinensis and C. glabrifolia was larger than that between C. chinensis and C. qiongbeiensis. Demographic simulations revealed unidirectional gene flow from C. chinensis to C. glabrifolia and C. qiongbeiensis, which highlight dispersal from mainland to island. The isolation effect of Qiongzhou Strait increased the genetic differentiation of species on both sides of the strait; however, the differentiation was diminished by gene flow that occurred during the historical period when Hainan Island was connected to mainland China. Our results supported the argument that C. glabrifolia should be considered an independent species and argued that C. qiongbeiensis should be regarded as an incipient species and independent conservation unit.

Population genetics strategies to characterize long-distance dispersal of insects

Identification of species-specific nuclear insertions of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in gorillas and their potential as population genetic markers

Flavonols and ellagic acid derivatives in peels of different species of jabuticaba (Plinia spp.) identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn

In recent decades, efforts to protect many terrestrial taxa have slowed their rates of extinction. Unfortunately, the outlook for a number of aquatic organisms, such as amphibians, corals, fish and other aquatic species is still not optimistic. Many aquatic species are highly threatened by anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, such as climatic change, overfishing, habitat elimination and fragmentation, and invasive species (Buchanan et al., 2016; Sowińska-Świerkosz and Kolejko, 2019). However, the conservation of these species requires knowledge of their spatial diversity and population structure, and the inaccessibility of aquatic animals poses a great challenge to traditional surveys. Population genetics provides the tools to describe genetic diversity within and among populations, while it also provides the basic theory for understanding the evolutionary change and resulting patterns of genetic variation in different populations. This information greatly contributes to the integrated concept of biodiversity conservation, which is needed to define the goals and methods of conservation programs and to set priorities (Loeschcke et al, 2013). Understanding the genetic landscape of natural populations is one of the key concerns for the development of conservation management strategies. Meanwhile, population genetic data for economically important aquatic species is also essential for the optimal utilization of this genetic resource in breeding programs. Importantly, with the great advances of sequencing technologies, detecting genomic variation (e.g., microsatellites, mitochondrial genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms) is becoming increasingly inexpensive and efficient. Molecular markers have been extensively applied in population genetics studies of aquatic animals during the past decade (Chapman et al., 2012; Yi et al., 2019). A large number of molecular markers can provide an efficient means to infer the population history and status of examined species and to predict future changes. The number and type of markers used are critical factors when planning a population genetic study. In some cases, the results generated with different traditional markers, such as mitochondrial genes and nuclear microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs), have been inconsistent. (Baisvar et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2019). With the aid of cost-effective genotyping technology, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers could help us to obtain more reliable population genetic data, which is of great importance to complement or replace existing conservation strategies. For this issue, we gathered studies of aquatic populations that use these powerful molecular markers to interpret population structure, phylogeography, or evolutionary processes. Their findings can be directly applied to conservation efforts. The outcomes of studies could directly provide suggestions or implements for conservation. Thanks to the combined effort of all the Editors, we are pleased to present 11 papers authored by 80 excellent researchers from various fields. The paper by Huo et al. (2022) focuses on the genetic diversity and population structure of Triplophysa tenuis, an important indigenous fish in the Xinjiang Tarim River that is facing overfishing and habitat degradation. For the study, a large number of SNPs were obtained with the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method, and the eight populations were found to have high levels of genetic diversity, with substantial genetic differentiation among populations. Hu and colleagues investigated the genetic differentiation of populations of a commercially important sleeper fish, Odontobutis potamophilus, using SNP markers, and suggest several conservation strategies in their report (Hu et al. 2022). The work by Repullés et al. (2022) evaluates the genetic structure and connectivity pattern of the endangered coral Cladocora caespitosa across its entire distribution range in the Mediterranean Sea. Their paper provides a better understanding of this endangered scleractinian coral, which allows for more informed conservation decisions. Most interestingly, Gilles and colleagues report massive introgressive hybridization between two distinct genera in Cyprinidae, and they suggest that the hybridization could generate a wide spectrum of hybrids that are a potential source of important evolutionary novelties (Gilles et al. 2022). The paper by Collins evaluates life history variation in the anadromous migration of Oncorhynchus mykiss using whole-genome resequencing, and report that a region on chromosome Omy12 may represent a minor effect gene. Also in this issue, papers related to population genetics of several fish species are presented, including Triplophysa robusta (Zhong et al. 2022), Hippocampus erectus (Luo et al. 2022), Gymnocypris przewalskii (Fang et al. 2022), Coilia brachygnathus (Zhai et al. 2022), Schizothorax biddulphi (Nie et al. 2022) and Hemiculter leucisculus (Gu et al. 2022). In these studies, SNPs, SSRs or mitochondrial genes were applied to successfully identify patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and phylogeography. Their results should be very useful for assessing the population dynamics of these species and for developing future conservation strategies. In conclusion, all of the papers in this special issue evaluate the population genetics of important aquatic species using molecular markers. The efforts of these researchers further the understanding of aquatic genetic resources and can help guide conservation and management strategies of aquatic species.

Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.), an ecologically and economically important tree species with a high degree of tolerance to a variety of extreme environmental conditions, is widely distributed across the mountains of northeastern and northern China, eastern and southeastern regions of Mongolia, Eastern Siberia, and the Maritime Territory of Russia. However, few studies have examined the genetic diversity and population structure of this species. Using 31 nuclear microsatellites, we investigated the level of genetic diversity and population structure of Siberian apricot sampled from 22 populations across China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 33, with an average of 19.323 alleles. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.037 to 0.874 and 0.040 to 0.924 with average values of 0.639 and 0.774, respectively. A STRUCTURE-based analysis clustered all of the populations into four genetic clusters. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between all population pairs. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance attributed about 94% of the variation to within populations. No significant difference was detected between the wild and semi-wild groups, indicating that recent cultivation practices have had little impact on the genetic diversity of Siberian apricot. The Mantel test showed that the genetic distance among the populations was not significantly correlated with geographic distance (r = 0.4651, p = 0.9940). Our study represents the most comprehensive investigation of the genetic diversity and population structure of Siberian apricot in China to date, and it provides valuable information for the collection of genetic resources for the breeding of Siberian apricot and related species.

The article listed below, published in journal Genetika has been retracted due to evidence indicating that the peer review of this paper was compromised, using of frauted data, high number of unfitting citation, overoll general misconduct related to professional codes of ethics. All papers which belong to this group have passed a regular review process. As part of the reviewing process, according to Journal policy, it is expected from reviewers to check all relevant data including citations probity. All papers were published after two positive reviewers? opinions. The journal Genetika condemns such an unethical behavior and will take all necessary measures to ensure that such incidents do not happen again in the future. Authors of those papers as well reviewers are barred from publishing in the journal Genetika in the future and will be blacklisted by the journal. The list of retracted articles is: 1. Bouzarisaravani Z., F. Sharifnia, F. Salimpour, S. Arbabian, A. Geran (2021). Molecular systematic studies in the genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae). - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1179-1192 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103179B 2. Hang L., L. Pan, T. Yong, L. Jianguo, X. Xingmin, Faisal (2021). Population genetic structure and gene flow in Alcea aucheri (boiss.) Alef.: a potential medicinal plant- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 867-882. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102867H 3. Jiao L., H. Xiao, X. Zhao, F. M. Abarghuei (2021). RAPD profiling in detecting genetic variation in Glaucium (Papaveraceae) species: Edible and Medicinal plant. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3,1081 - 1092. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103081J 4. Li H., H. Yu, X. Zeng, S. Hussein Hamarashid (2021). Study on genetic diversity between Malva L. (Malvaceae): a high value medicinal plant using SCoT molecular markers.- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 895-910 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102895L 5. Li H., Y. Wang, R, Iqbal (2021). SCoT molecular markers and population differentiation in Hedera helix L.. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 739-756. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102739L 6. Li J., X. Yang, S.Mehri (2021). Genetic diversity in Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) using sequence related amplified polymorphism. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1369 - 1377. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103369L 7. Lin L., L. Lin, A.Waheed (2021). Assessment of genetic structure and diversity of Erodium (Geranaiceae) species. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 507-520. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102507L 8. Li S. X. Jiang, S. Mehri (2021). Genetic diversity and gene-pool of Aegilops tauschii coss. (Poaceae) based on retrotransposon-based markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1331- 1340. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103331L 9. Ma X., H. Tian, H. Xia, Zeenat (2021). Genetic diversity of Lonicera L. (caprifoliaceae) estimated by molecular markers and morphological characters. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 651-662. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102651M 10. Mahdavi M., F. Sharifnia, F.Salimpour, A. Esmaeili, M. Larypoor (2021). Genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars.- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 671-686 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102671M 11. Meng K., J. Yao, C.Y. He and H. Morabbi Heravi (2021). Gene flow and genetic structure between populations of Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species using molecular markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 769-782. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102769M 12. Mowang S.-C., F.-J. Chen, Zeenat (2021). Study on genetic diversity between Erodium (Geranaiceae) species based on inter-simple sequence repeat markers- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 927-939. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102837M 13. Najafian S., I.Mehregan, A. Iranbakhsh, M. Assadi, S. Fici (2021). Species delimitation in Capparis (Capparaceae): morphological and molecular. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 609-627. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N name mark red not autors of paper (corrigentdum) 14. Nikkhah M., S. Arbabian, A. Majd, F. Sharifnia (2022). Genetic diversity of Cordia myxa L. assessed by ISSR markers. - Genetika, Vol 54, No.1, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201063N 15. Ou C., Z. Shen, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, M. Farshadfar (2021). Morphometric analysis and genetic diversity in Pistacia species populations using sequence related amplified polymorphism. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1193-1205 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103193O 16. Qian X. and S. Mehri (2021). Detecting DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in a wide pistachio germplasm by RAPD markers- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 783-798 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102783Q 17. Xu P.,C. Xu, X.Huang, H.Wang, H. Morabbi Heravi (2021). Genetic diversity and genepool of Salicornia sinus-persica akhani based on retrotransposon-based markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1287 - 1296.https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103287X 18. Garshasbi S., A. Iranbakhsh, Y. Asri, S. Z. Bostanabad (2021). Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) with the use of ISSR molecular markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1273 - 1286 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103273G name mark red not autors of paper (corrigentdum) 19. Sun Y., H. Jiang, F. Zeng, X. Pan, X. Wu, Y. Qi, X. Wu (2022). Species identification and genetic diversity of Alcea (Malvaceae) using SCOT molecular markers: medicinal plant. - Genetika, Vol 54, No.1, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201369S 20. Ting S. and Y. Yibing (2022). Population differentiation and gene flow of Glaucium flavum (Papaveraceae). - Genetika, Vol 54, No.1, 275-288 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201275T 21. Xu P.,C. Xu, X.Huang, H.Wang, H. Morabbi Heravi (2021). Genetic diversity and genepool of Salicornia sinus-persica akhani based on retrotransposon-based markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1287 - 1296. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103287X 22. Yanpeng Z., W. Hongmei, L. Wei, M. Khayatnezhad, Faisal (2021). Genetic diversity and relationships among Salvia species by ISSR markers. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 559-574. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102559Y 23. Yao X., R. Zhou, M.Farshadfar (2021). Comparison of individual based approaches using RAPD markers for identifying genetic relationships in Erodium (Geranaiceae)- Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1229 - 1238 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103229Y 24. Yin J. (2022). Evaluation of genetic variability Rindera using RAPD markers. - Genetika, Vol 54, No.1, 173-186. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201173Y 25. Zhang X. and A. Shakoor (2021). Strong genetic differentiation of the Paracaryum species (Boraginaceae) detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR).- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 883-894 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102883Z 26. Zhang Z., H. Yu, S. Feng, A. A. Minaeifar (2021). Species identification and population structure analysis in Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae). - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1357 - 1368 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103357Z 27. Zhou Y. and Z. Zheng (2022). Genetic Diversity and inter-relationship among Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) species ISSR markers. - Genetika, Vol 54, No.1, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201119Z In addition, Clarivate provided the publisher with evidence of inappropriate manipulation of citations of five paper published in journal Genetika in journal Bioscenece research: 1. Bi D., D. Chen, M. Khayatnezhad, Z. S. Hashjin, Z. Li, Y. Ma (2021). Genetic response of growth phases for abiotic environmental stress tolerance in cereal crop plants. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.1,393-405 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101393B 2. Chen W., M. Khayatnezhad, N, Sarhadi (2021). Gene flow and population structure in Allochrusa (Caryophylloideae, caryophyllaceae) with the use of molecular markers- Genetika, Vol 53, No.2, 799-812 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102799C 3. Jia Y., M. Khayatnezhad, S. Mehri (2020). Population differentiation and gene flow in Erodium cicutarium: a potential medicinal plant- Genetika, Vol 52, No.3, 1127-1144. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2003127J 4. Peng X., M. Khayyatnezhad and L. Joudi Ghezeljehmeidan (2021). RAPD profiling in detecting genetic variation in Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae).- Genetika, Vol 53, No.1,349 -362. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101349P 5. Yin J., M. Khayatnezhad, A. Shakoor (2021). Evaluation of genetic diversity in geranium (Geraniaceae) using RAPD marker.- Genetika, Vol 53, No.1,363 -378. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101363Y Authors who misused the papers published in Genetika by citing them unjustifiably as well as authors of the cited papers are barred from publishing in that journal in the future and will be blacklisted by the journal. We would like to apologize authors, readers and all scientific community that we are having to make those retractions, and we will take all necessary steps to ensure our editorial and peer review processes keep pace with the evolving threat and advancements in scientific fraud. Snezana Mladenovic Drinic, editor <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103179B">10.2298/GENSR2103179B</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102867H">10.2298/GENSR2102867H</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103081J">10.2298/GENSR2103081J</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102895L">10.2298/GENSR2102895L</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102739L">10.2298/GENSR2102739L</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103369L">10.2298/GENSR2103369L</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102507L">10.2298/GENSR2102507L</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103331L">10.2298/GENSR2103331L</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102651M">10.2298/GENSR2102651M</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102671M">10.2298/GENSR2102671M</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102769M">10.2298/GENSR2102769M</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102837M">10.2298/GENSR2102837M</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N">10.2298/GENSR2102609N</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201063N">10.2298/GENSR2201063N</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103193O">10.2298/GENSR2103193O</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102783Q">10.2298/GENSR2102783Q</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103287X">10.2298/GENSR2103287X</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103273G">10.2298/GENSR2103273G</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201369S">10.2298/GENSR2201369S</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201275T">10.2298/GENSR2201275T</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102559Y">10.2298/GENSR2102559Y</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103229Y">10.2298/GENSR2103229Y</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201173Y">10.2298/GENSR2201173Y</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102883Z">10.2298/GENSR2102883Z</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103357Z">10.2298/GENSR2103357Z</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2201119Z">10.2298/GENSR2201119Z</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101393B">10.2298/GENSR2101393B</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102799C">10.2298/GENSR2102799C</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2003127J">10.2298/GENSR2003127J</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101349P">10.2298/GENSR2101349P</a></b></u> <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2101363Y">10.2298/GENSR2101363Y</a></b></u>

Hybridity and the genuineness of hybrids are prominent characteristics for quality control of seeds and thereby for varietal improvement. In the current study, the cross between two local barley genotypes (Ardhaoui: female; Testour: male) previously identified as susceptible/tolerant to salt stress in Tunisia was achieved. The hybrid genetic purity of the generated F1 putative hybrids and the fingerprinting of the parents along with their offspring were assessed using a set of 17 nuclear SSR markers. Among the analyzed loci, 11 nSSR were shown polymorphic among the parents and their offspring. Based on the applied 11 polymorphic SSR loci, a total of 28 alleles were detected with an average of 2.54 alleles per locus. The locus HVM33 presented the highest number of alleles. The highest polymorphism information content value was detected for the locus HVM33 (0.6713) whereas the lowest PIC value (0.368) was revealed by the loci BMAC0156, EBMAC0970 and BMAG0013 with a mean value of 0.4619. The probabilities of identical genotypes PI for the 11 microsatellite markers were 8.63×10-7. Banding patterns among parents and hybrids showed polymorphic fragments. The 11 SSR loci had produced unique fingerprints for each analyzed genotype and segregate between the two parental lines and their four hybrids. Parentage analysis confirms the hybrid purity of the four analyzed genotypes. Six Tunisian barley accessions were used as an outgroup in the multivariate analysis to confirm the efficiency of the employed 11 nSSR markers in genetic differentiation among various barley germplasms. Thus, neighbor joining and factorial analysis revealed clearly the discrimination among the parental lines, the four hybrids and the outgroup accessions. Out of the detected polymorphic 11 nuclear SSR markers, a set of five markers (HVM33, WMC1E8, BMAC0154, BMAC0040 and BMAG0007) were shown to be sufficient and informative enough to discriminate among the six genotypes representing the two parental lines and the four hybrids from each others. These five nSSR markers presented the highest number of alleles per locus (An), expected heterozygosity (He), PIC values and the lowest probabilities of identity (PI). These nSSR loci may be used as referral SSR markers for unambiguous discrimination and genetic purity assessment in barley breeding programs.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is recognized as a promising sampling tool for biodiversity monitoring. It has also been proposed as a tool for performing population genetic analyses on target species, but early applications make questionable assumptions, such as assuming that the amount of DNA in the sample is directly related to the number of individuals in the environment. In this work, the power of a new analytical framework for detecting genetic differences among populations, which does not make this assumption, is investigated. This is done by using an AMOVA test on only the presence/absence of haplotypes. A sampling strategy with the potential to increase power, including replicate samples and relying on mild assumptions, is also evaluated. A simulation experiment was used to evaluate the ability to detect differences between three populations. The simulation generated mitochondrial haplotypes from three populations with varying diversity and levels of differentiation, and different sampling schemes and AMOVA tests were used. The information of presence/absence of haplotypes, not their relative frequencies, proved useful to perform an AMOVA and the use of replicate samples ensured a better chance of finding statistically significant population differentiation when it existed. The risk of type I errors was also assessed by performing a simulation experiment with no genetic differentiation and that risk was found to depend on the independence between replicates. These results will lay a path for the development of eDNA as a tool for population genetics, as well as serving as a guideline to design sampling plans for future studies and the interpretation of their results.

Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has a widespread distribution throughout Europe, and Latvia is almost at the north eastern edge of the distribution range. In Europe, ash is threatened by ash dieback, a disease caused by the introduced ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers have been used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of ash both in a broader pan-European context as well as in more restricted regions. Some of the markers analysed in these previously published reports were also utilised in this study, enabling comparisons of the genetic parameters calculated from the nuclear SSR marker data and of the haplotypes identified with the chloroplast markers. Analysis of chloroplast markers revealed one dominant haplotype in Latvian stands, which corresponds to the haplotype previously found in Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. A second haplotype, corresponding to a previously reported central European haplotype was found in all individuals from the Ķemeri stand, indicating that this stand was naturally established from introduced germplasm, which was planted in a neighbouring park. The nuclear SSR markers revealed low levels of differentiation of Latvian F. excelsior stands, probably due efficient pollen flow between stands. The analysis of both chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers has revealed different aspects of the structure and provenance of Latvian F. excelsior populations.

Composition and potential health effects of dark-colored underutilized Brazilian fruits – A review

The Patagonian toothfish,Dissostichus eleginoides, is a valuable fishery species and has a discontinuous distribution across the Southern Ocean. Identification of the genetic stock structure of toothfish would allow evaluation of the suitability of the spatial scale at which fisheries management operates. Genetic subdivision seems likely given the species distribution. Population genetics studies of this species have been performed; however, they have been limited by sample size, spatial coverage and/or the type of markers investigated. As a potential solution, we developed methods for extracting toothfish DNA from otoliths that are available in large numbers from collections held at several research institutes. Genetic differentiation between the three oceanic sectors was investigated. Four mitochondrial and four nuclear markers with multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms were sequenced by high throughput sequencing for samples from six locations. Genetic differentiation was found between three sectors with nuclear markers. However, only the Pacific sector was differentiated from other sectors with mitochondrial markers. This study demonstrates the usefulness of otolith DNA as a means of increasing sample sizes for population genetics research of fish. Additionally, the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers may allow insight into how the observed differences in movements between male and female toothfish impact population structure.