Abstract
BackgroundAdiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are novel endocrine systems that act at various levels to regulate metabolic homeostasis and reproductive processes. We cloned and characterized the cDNA of adiponectin and its receptors from the hypothalamus of the Huoyan goose to reveal the influence of these factors on the process of goose egg-laying. We also determined the mRNA and protein expression profiles during different stages of the egg-laying cycle.MethodsHypothalamus tissues were obtained from 36 Huoyan geese in the pre-laying, early-laying, peak-laying, and ceased periods. The cDNA sequences of goose adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) were cloned and characterized using the 5’-RACE and 3’-RACE methods. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence were conducted using bioinformatics tools. The expression profiles of mRNA and protein in the hypothalamus during the pre-laying, early-laying, peak-laying and ceased periods were examined using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques.ResultsThe cDNA of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 consisted of 738, 1131 and 1161 bp open reading frame encoding 245, 376 and 386 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of goose adiponectin, as well as AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 showed a closer genetic relationship to the avian species than to other mammal species. The expression level of adiponectin mRNA and protein increased from the pre-laying period to the peak-laying period, reached its peak in the peak-laying period, and then decreased during the ceased period. Conversely, the expression levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein decreased in the early-laying period, peak-laying period, and ceased period compared with the pre-laying period.ConclusionsThis study is the first to obtain full-length cDNA sequences of goose adiponectin and the genes of its receptors from the hypothalamus, and demonstrate that the egg-laying cycle affects the expression of the goose adiponectin system. Our results suggest the potential role of adiponectin as a key neuromodulator of reproductive functions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0085-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2)) are novel endocrine systems that act at various levels to regulate metabolic homeostasis and reproductive processes
The biological activity of this hormone is mediated via two distinct receptors, termed adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2)
Studies have suggested that the adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes are expressed in multiple tissues including the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus, testis and ovary in mammals and Avian [6, 7]
Summary
Adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are novel endocrine systems that act at various levels to regulate metabolic homeostasis and reproductive processes. Adiponectin is one of adipocytokine hormones secreted primarily by adipocytes It belongs to a family of proteins that contain sequences homologous to the C1q globular domain. AdipoR1 shows high affinity for the globular form of adiponectin, and AdipoR2 has an intermediate binding affinity for both full-length and globular species [3, 4]. Activation of these cell membrane bound receptors can activate the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) [5]. Studies have suggested that the adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes are expressed in multiple tissues including the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus, testis and ovary in mammals and Avian [6, 7]
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