Abstract
AimThe objective of this study was to determine the presence of the variants of canine parvovirus (CPV)-2 in the city of Quito, Ecuador, due to the high domestic and street-type canine population, and to identify possible mutations at a genetic level that could be causing structural changes in the virus with a consequent influence on the immune response of the hosts.Materials and MethodsThirty-five stool samples from different puppies with characteristic signs of the disease and positives for CPV through immunochromatography kits were collected from different veterinarian clinics of the city. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to determine the mutations in residue 426 of the VP2 gene, which determines the variants of CPV-2; in addition, four samples were chosen for complete sequencing of the VP2 gene to identify all possible mutations in the circulating strains in this region of the country.ResultsThe results revealed the presence of the three variants of CPV-2 with a prevalence of 57.1% (20/35) for CPV-2a, 8.5% (3/35) for CPV-2b, and 34.3% (12/35) for CPV-2c. In addition, complete sequencing of the VP2 gene showed amino acid substitutions in residues 87, 101, 139, 219, 297, 300, 305, 322, 324, 375, 386, 426, 440, and 514 of the three Ecuadorian variants when compared with the original CPV-2 sequence.ConclusionThis study describes the detection of CPV variants in the city of Quito, Ecuador. Variants of CPV-2 (2a, 2b, and 2c) have been reported in South America, and there are cases in Ecuador where CVP-2 is affecting even vaccinated puppies.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a common etiological agent that causes severe gastroenteritis in young dogs, especially unvaccinated puppies or those with poor maternal protection through passive immunity [1,2]
The nucleotide sequences of the 35 samples and the 4 positive controls, obtained in the first round of PCRs, were translated into protein sequences, and they were aligned with a reference sequence (NP_955539) of CPV-2a obtained from GenBank
Based on the mutation located at residue 426 of CPV-2b (Asn426Asp) and CPV-2c (Asn426Glu), we found that 20/35 (57.1%) samples corresponded to CPV-2a, 12/35 (34.3%) to CPV-2c, and the remaining 3/35 (8.5%) to the CPV-2b variants
Summary
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a common etiological agent that causes severe gastroenteritis in young dogs, especially unvaccinated puppies or those with poor maternal protection through passive immunity [1,2]. The genome consists of a linear and single-stranded DNA molecule
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