Abstract
ABSTRACT Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection have been reported as an obstacle of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia. However, understanding of the molecular characteristics of EHP species in Indonesia is not widely known. The aims of this study were to determine the identity and characters of DNA, and their phylogeny of EHP species from several different locations in Indonesia with specific references to 18S rRNA gene. The EHPs were collected from cultured P.vannamei from Lampung, Pangandaran, Sidoarjo, Banyuwangi, Probolinggo, Blitar, Makassar, and Lombok. Thirteen (13) samples were randomly selected to explore their gene characters through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The primers used were EHP_F and EHP_1R. Parameter observed were DNA sequencing, nucleotide sequence homology with related available genes in the Gen Bank database, multiple sequence alignment, and reconstruction of genetic relationship trees. DNA sequence homology analysis showed that all samples had 99.89-100% similarity to Indian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Accession Number MH259890.1 and MH260592.1). The alignment results illustrated that all EHP sequences of Indonesian isolates were 100% identical each other. The phylogenetic tree topology provided information that all sample accessions were in the same clade and spread evenly. The conclusion were that the Indonesian EHP species were identical (100%) and it could be said that they were genetically homogeneous. Keywords: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, 18S rRNA gene, Indonesia.
Highlights
The emerging of microsporidian pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), the causative agent of hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in shrimp aquaculture that become a critical threat to the shrimp farming industry has been widely reported in shrimpfarming countries like Thailand, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and India, by showing symptoms of slow growth and increased feed conversion ratios
By BLAST analysis, the database search revealed that the sequences of these EHP isolates from P.vannamei from Indonesia showed 99.89 - 100% homology and identical with the 18S rRNA gene sequence of EHP reported from India that was previously published and deposited in the Gen Bank (Accession No MH259890.1 and MH260592.1)
The results of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirm that there was no filogeography and no gene specificity found in different geographical regions among EHP isolates from Indonesia, India, and China. These findings indicated a potential epidemiological relationship between EHP strains that affect shrimp cultivated in Indonesia, India, and China
Summary
The emerging of microsporidian pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), the causative agent of hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in shrimp aquaculture that become a critical threat to the shrimp farming industry has been widely reported in shrimpfarming countries like Thailand, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and India, by showing symptoms of slow growth and increased feed conversion ratios. EHP infection is currently prevalent and is one of the most severe and undesirable problems occurring in shrimp culture. Because even if it only produces a low or even non-fatal mortality rate, shrimp that survive after the EHP attack cannot grow optimally until the end of the harvest, so that resulting in considerable economic losses due to inadequate production performance and increased feed conversion ratio (Tourtip et al, 2009; Ha et al, 2010; Tangprasittipap et al, 2013; Sritunyalucksana et al, 2014; Tang et al, 2015; Rajendran et al, 2016; Kesavan et al, 2016; Thitamadee et al, 2016).
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