Abstract
The integrated influence of linkers and solvent polarity on tuning the emission of 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) aggregates is investigated. Naphthalimides are systematically functionalized with vinyl, ethynyl and direct link connecting conjugated aromatic units via Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reactions. The molecules self-assembled as nano-aggregates in binary solvent system and exhibited aggregation induced enhanced emission. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis proved the well-defined nanostructured morphology of the NI aggregates. Fluorescence life-time studies demonstrated the effect of aggregation on their radiative and non-radiative decay rates. Among the compounds synthesized, ethynyl linked NI exhibited significantly enhanced emission due to the limited intermolecular motion. A binary solvent system comprising of tetrahydrofuran/H2O facilitated enhanced emission and higher quantum yield of the NI in their aggregated phase. Detailed photophysical and computational studies of the compounds indicated that structural variation and solvent polarity together have a significant impact on tuning the emission behaviour of NIs.
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