Abstract
The main objective of this article is critical reconsideration of Popper’s ideas, concerning the influence of science on society and the social engineering. Our aim is the reconstruction of Popper’s counter-arguments against utopian social engineering and arguments for rational and scientific control of open society with the help of the piecemeal social engineering. He claims that the open society has many features in common with the science: both are based upon critical thinking, both are ready to admit their mistakes, both progress through critical discussion. If, according to Popper, reason is the only alternative to violence so far discovered, then the politics of the open society is strongly dependent on the science. Science provides methods and ideas for piecemeal social engineering that successfully solves majority of social and political problems. Therefore, without science, a society cannot be open. We seek at the critical evaluation of practical possibilities to exercise piecemeal social engineering and its obstructions.
Highlights
Jog norint kiekvienà individà pripaþinti potencialiu ‘argumentavimo ir racionalios informacijos ðaltiniu’, bûtina suteikti jam galimybæ laisvai reikðti savo nuomonæ be jokiø iðankstiniø apribojimø, nes prieðingu atveju nebus ámanoma uþtikrinti Popperio skelbiamos maksimos ‘að galiu klysti, o tu gali bûti teisus, ir dëdami pastangas, mes galime priartëti prie tiesos’
We seek at the critical evaluation of practical possibilities to exercise piecemeal social engineering and its obstructions
Summary
Pirmoje XX a. pusëje iðpopuliarëja socialinës inþinerijos idëja. Moksliniai ir technologiniai pasiekimai suteikia naujà impulsà ir argumentus nuostatai, reikalaujanèiai pertvarkyti ir valdyti visuomenæ pagal racionalius kriterijus bei standartus. Loginiame empirizme (Vienos ratelyje) socialinës inþinerijos idëja siejama su Otto Neurathu (1959, 1973), þinojimo sociologijoje ðià idëjà plëtojo Karlas Mannheimas Lyginant su Neurathu ar Mannheimu, Popperio nuosaikios socialinës inþinerijos teorija yra nuosekliausiai iðplëtota, todël ðio straipsnio tikslas – perþiûrëti ir kritiðkai iðanalizuoti Popperio socialinës inþinerijos idëjà, iðryðkinti jo argumentus bei aptarti praktines galimybes ágyvendinti nuosaikios socialinës inþinerijos projektà. Ið visø Popperio tekstø Istoricizmo skurdas (1944 - 1945) bei Atviroji visuomenë ir jos prieðai (1945) yra reikðmingiausias Popperio indëlis á socialinæ filosofijà, todël pagrindinis dëmesys bus skiriamas bûtent jiems. Ðiuo atveju mus labiausiai domina ne tiek istoricistiniø doktrinø ar istorijos dësniø paieðkø kritika, bet veikiau Popperio racionalistinë nuostata, taip pat iðryðkintos sàsajos tarp laisvos ir demokratiðkos visuomenës bei mokslo, galiausiai socialinës inþinerijos bei jos taikymo galimybiø idëja
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