Abstract
The expanding population and technological advancements are driving the energy demand. The overuse of conventional petroleum fossil fuels has resulted in large emissions of greenhouse gases, which cause global warming and other problems. Controlling carbon dioxide emissions is therefore essential to reducing greenhouse impact. Among the numerous benefits of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are their high porosity and vast interior surface area. They are now the most promising adsorbent materials and have a wide variety of applications in the adsorption and separation of gases, including carbon dioxide. To address the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and water stability of MOFs, this article first provides an overview of their structure and synthesis design techniques. Next, this article addresses the selectivity of MOFs for nitrogen and water as well as the adsorption process of CO2 in MOFs. The techniques for modifying MOFs, such as pore size-controlled MOFs, targeted metal unit modification, and functional group modification to improve adsorption and separation performance, were highlighted last.
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