Module for the Development of Reading Comprehension Among Grade 10 Students

The research problem revolves around the level of reading comprehension among first-grade female students in the subject of "My Language," and how we can transform this weakness into reading skills and strengths. This transformation aims to make the students excellent models representing the sincerity of the research sample and to show how this sample contributed to developing previous performance into a notable advancement for this study. The theoretical framework focuses on reading comprehension as a cognitive mental process that involves understanding the meaning of words, sentences, paragraphs, distinguishing words, and recognizing linguistic elements. The aim of the research is to raise the level of reading comprehension and cognitive skills of first-grade female students in the subject of "My Language." The research serves as an important tool for improving the performance of teachers and preparing them to develop students' reading comprehension skills. This underscores the importance of the question: Why do we want to develop students' reading comprehension skills? The goal is to ensure that students progress through educational stages with full linguistic skills. The key findings of the research are as follows: 1. Enriching Arabic language curricula in early grades with intensive reading comprehension models. 2. Developing teaching methods for the subject "My Language" from traditional approaches to engaging and modern technological methods, which contribute to enhancing students' reading comprehension. 3. Using modern technologies enhances the understanding and comprehension of reading among students in the subject "My Language". 4. Implementing modern technologies makes teaching the subject "My Language" more engaging and enjoyable. 5. Solving the reading comprehension problem by training students in modern reading comprehension methods. 6. Modern technologies help in understanding reading comprehension in the subject "My Language". 7. Using modern technologies simplifies the linguistic vocabulary of the subject "My Language".

Preschool predictors of later reading comprehension ability: a systematic review

This study investigates the reading comprehension and syntactic comprehension skills of bilinguals. It is considered that bilinguals have cognitive, neural and social advantages as they have a rich linguistic environment. Studies suggest that bilingual children have better metalinguistic awareness and show cognitive advantages compared to monolinguals. In this study reading comprehension skills and syntactic comprehension skills were evaluated in 14 bilingual English-Turkish and 18 monolingual Turkish children. To evaluate reading comprehension skills, the ‘Reading Comprehension Scale’ and to evaluate syntactic comprehension, ‘Grammatical Judgment Test’ were used. Attitude questionnaire was used to evaluate the bilinguals’ attitudes towards the Turkish language. The results of this study revealed that in the reading comprehension scale monolingual group performed better than the bilingual group in reading texts. Within bilingual group comparisons, the mean scores revealed that the bilingual group had the best test scores in narrative and explanatory texts, followed by scientific texts and poetry. Syntactic comprehension evaluations revealed that bilinguals have difficulties in detecting the grammaticality of word constructions. Attitude Questionnaire revealed that most of the bilingual children have a negative attitude towards the Turkish language. The difficulties of reading and syntactic comprehension skills bilinguals display are usually associated with the environment they live in. It has been found that bilinguals fail to comprehend complex sentences correctly in some settings. These findings led to the question whether bilinguals have learnt all of the complex syntactic properties of the grammatical system. Bilinguals’ limitations to access the language may cause difficulties in processing. This study tries to get a better understanding of the basis of bilinguals’ failure in reading and syntactic comprehension.

Introduction: We can quickly access information in the modern world. Therefore, it is critical to concurrently improve reading fluency and comprehension skills. Techniques used to improve reading fluency can be categorized into two groups: skill-and performance-based. Interventional techniques used before, during, and after reading reportedly improve reading comprehension skills. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a series of interventions that combine skill and performance-based reading fluency techniques with reading comprehension techniques used during and after reading in improving reading fluency and comprehension skills of an intellectually disabled student. The uniqueness of this study is that it focuses on a child with intellectual disability, and it combines fluent reading and reading comprehension techniques. Method: This was a case study featuring a 13 year old male student enrolled in the sixth grade of a middle school who received interventions in a special education class for mild intellectual disability in Turkey. The intervention series was applied in ten sessions Findings: As a result of the interventions, there was a decrease in the number of misread words and increase in the number of correctly read words and reading comprehension level compared to the baseline values. The student maintained the acquisitions he gained during the intervention and in the following weeks. Discussion: In conclusion, the intervention package developed for an intellectual disability student was effective in improving and maintaining the student”s reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Further studies with larger samples are needed to test the generalizability of the results.

Students in an undergraduate human development course (N = 215) participated in a brief assessment of their reading (comprehension level, reading speed, comprehension rate) and multiple-choice test-taking skills on the second day of class. Students first read a one-page, 400-word passage unrelated to the course and then answered 10 multiple-choice questions over the passage without referring back to the passage. To control for test-taking skills, students also answered 10 multiple-choice questions from an equivalent passage they did not read. Videotapes of student participation permitted individual assessment of time required to complete each phase. Subsequently, during the semester students took five 50-item multiple-choice exams over the major units in the course. Results showed that the brief reading comprehension measures predicted multiple-choice exam performance and that comprehension level accounted for most of the variance in exam performance. Discussion focuses on enhancing brief reading assessment procedures by including direct measures of comprehension. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Reading Comprehension Rate, Test-taking, College Grades ********** Several measures predict success in college courses, including measures of critical thinking, generic vocabulary, background knowledge, and reading comprehension (Behrman & Street, 2005; Jackson, 2005; Williams & Eggert, 2002; Williams, Oliver, Allin, Winn, & Booher, 2003a; Williams, Oliver, Allin, Winn, & Booher, 2003b; Williams, Oliver, & Stockdale, 2004; Williams & Worth, 2002). Not all course activities require high-level critical thinking, an advanced vocabulary, or background knowledge, but virtually all course activities require student reading of course material (Behrman & Street, 2005). Thus, the current study focused on reading comprehension measures as predictors of success in a large undergraduate course. Although reading comprehension is predictive of student success (Jackson, 2005), reading speed or fluency may also be related to comprehension levels, effort required to read, and reinforcement for reading (Skinner, Pappas, & Davis, 2005). Researchers have measured reading fluency by timing students' oral reading and scoring word accuracy. These data are then used to calculate words correct per minute (WCM), which has been shown to correlate with reading comprehension and other reading skills as measured via standardized, norm-referenced tests with strong psychometric properties (Deno & Merkin, 1977; Deno, Merkin, & Chiang, 1982; Fuchs, & Fuchs, 1992; Fuchs, Fuchs, Hosp, & Jenkins, 2001; Fuchs, Fuchs, & Maxwell, 1988; Hintze & Shapiro, 1997; Jenkins & Jewell, 1993). These studies provide support for several theories that suggest causal mechanisms for explaining the relationship between reading speed and comprehension. Students who read rapidly and are not required to apply their attention or other cognitive resources (e.g., working memory) towards decoding words have more cognitive resources available to apply towards comprehension. Additionally, as time passes information may become inaccessible (e.g., fading from working memory). Thus, as they read, rapid readers may have access to more information from material read earlier than slow readers, which may enhance their ability to synthesize information as they progress through passages (LaBerge & Samuels, 1974; Perfetti, 1992; Rasinski, 2004; Stanovich, 1986). Reading, like many other skills, improves as people choose to spend more time engaged in the activity (Daly, Chafouleas, & Skinner, 2005; Stanovich, 1986). Even when slower readers are able to comprehend the material at the same level as rapid readers, rapid readers are more likely to choose to read the assigned work because it requires less time and effort and results in a higher rate of reinforcement (Billington, Skinner, Hutchins, & Malone, 2004; Skinner, 1998; Skinner, 2002; Skinner, Neddenriep, Bradley-Klug, & Ziemann, 2002; Skinner, Wallace, & Neddenriep, 2002). …

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة فاعلية مدخل قراءة الصورة في تنمية الفهم القرائي والمهارات الحياتية في مقرر لغتي الجميلة لطالبات الصف السادس الابتدائي في منطقة الباحة في المملكة العربية السعودية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة. تم استخدام المنهج شبه التجريبي باعتباره الأقرب لتحقيق هدف الدراسة لمعرفة أثر العامل التجريبي (فاعلية مدخل قراءة الصورة) على (تنمية الفهم القرائي والمهارات الحياتية) على المجموعة التجريبية. وقد تم إعداد أداة الدراسة والمتمثلة في الاختبار التحصيلي، حيث تم تقسيم الطالبات إلى مجموعتين المجموعة التجريبية والتي سيتم تطبيق الدراسة عليها، والمكونة من (37) طالبة، والمجموعة الضابطة والمكونة من (37) طالبة. وقد أظهرت الدراسة العديد من النتائج، والتي من أهمها: توصلت الدراسة إلى (23) مهارة من مهارات الفهم القرائي اللازمة لطالبات الصف السادس في مقرر لغتي الجميلة بمدارس منطقة (مدينة الباحة)، تم إدراجها في خمسة مجالات رئيسة، وهي: (مهارات الفهم الحرفي، ومهارات الاستنتاج الحرفي، ومهارات الفهم النقدي، ومهارات الفهم التذوقي، ومهارات الفهم الإبداعي)، بالإضافة إلى توصل الدراسة إلى (10) مهارات من المهارات الحياتية اللازمة لطالبات الصف السادس في مادة اللغة العربية بمدارس منطقة الباحة (مدينة الباحة)، وقد أظهرت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في مهارات الفهم القرائي، ومهارات الحياة البعدي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، مما يعني أنَّ توظيف مدخل الصور يحدث فاعلية واضحة في تدريس الطالبات. وقد أوصت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات والتي من أهمها: دعوة القائمين على تخطيط المناهج في المملكة العربية السعودية إلى إعادة النظر في بناء نشاطات التعليم، والعمل على توازن مهارات الفهم القرائي، ومهارات الحياة في جميع المجالات بشكل متوازن ووفق منهجية محددة.

Background: Reading comprehension is one of the primary skills required of students in elementary schools. Various factors can influence this skill, including bilingualism. Owing to the variety of languages and dialects in Iran, a large number of students learn Farsi as a second language; consequently, they are faced with numerous challenges in acquiring high-level skills such as reading and writing. The present study was aimed at comparing reading comprehension and reading accuracy between bilingual Arabic and Farsi-speaking and monolingual Farsi-speaking fifth grade children in Ahvaz. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive analytic study was carried out employing a random sample of 165 bilingual students (91 girls and 74 boys), and 159 monolingual students (79 girls and 80 boys). The students were evaluated in terms of reading accuracy and comprehension skills using some selected parts from a reading test developed by Shafei et al., in 2009. Finally, mean scores were compared between the two groups employing the independent samples t-test. Results: Both reading comprehension and accuracy were significantly higher in monolinguals compared to bilingual Arabic/Farsi-speaking students (P=0.000). Gender stratified results showed higher levels of reading comprehension skills in both monolingual girls (P=0.000) and boys (P=0.03) in comparison to bilinguals. However, in the reading accuracy subtest, only monolingual girls had a significantly superior performance than the bilinguals (P=0.000). Conclusion: Overall, our results showed lower levels of reading comprehension and accuracy skills in bilingual fifth grade students in comparison to their monolingual peers in the city of Ahvaz. It seems that even in the late elementary school years, bilingual children have not attained the same level as their monolingual peers. Due to the importance of reading skills in academic achievement and day-to-day life, we highly recommend the implementation of measures toward improving these skills among bilingual elementary school students.

This study examines the connection between secondary school students' reading comprehension skills, reading habits, and cognitive abilities. Given the increasing significance of reading comprehension for academic achievement, especially in high-stakes exams, it is essential to comprehend its cognitive and behavioural underpinnings. Examining the relationship between reading comprehension skills, cognitive capacities, and reading habits in secondary school-aged boys and girls is the goal of this study. In the Raichur district of Karnataka, 720 secondary school pupils participated in a descriptive quantitative study. Using stratified random sampling, participants were chosen. According to the study, comprehension of language structures, syntax, and cognitive processes like memory, attention, and problem-solving are all important components of reading comprehension. The main results showed that cognitive abilities correspond with both reading habits and comprehension skills and that reading habits significantly improve comprehension ability. The study offers insightful information for teachers, indicating that pupils' comprehension skills can be greatly enhanced by encouraging positive reading habits and comprehending cognitive development. Additionally, it provides helpful suggestions for enhancing instructional methods, like tailored interventions based on reading habits and cognitive profiles. In order to promote improved learning outcomes, the results also emphasize how crucial it is to incorporate cognitive skill development into language instruction.

Purpose This study examined resilience mechanisms influencing Grade 9 reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Performance in reading fluency and comprehension in Grade 1 (age 7–8 years) was considered a risk factor for Grade 9 (age 15–16 years) reading performance. We focused on the potential promotive and protective effects of cognitive skills, motivational and parental factors, and gender on reading. Promotive factors benefit all individuals regardless of their level of risk, while protective factors generate more benefit for individuals at higher risk compared with those at lower risk. Method Data from a longitudinal Finnish sample of approximately 2,000 individuals were analyzed. Promotive and protective factors were examined separately for reading fluency and comprehension. Promotive factors were identified as main effects while controlling for Grade 1 performance. Protective factors were identified based on significant interactions with the risk factor, i.e. Grade 1 reading fluency and comprehension skills, and the signaling of gap-closing effects between those at lower and higher risk. Results Most examined skills and factors were identified as promotive factors for reading fluency and comprehension. Four protective factors emerged for reading fluency: pre-literacy skills, arithmetic fluency, oral language, and homework persistence. Oral language was identified as a protective factor for reading comprehension. Two additional significant interactions emerged for reading fluency: parental teaching of reading and parental support with reading-related homework, but they did not conform to the classic protective factor model. Conclusion This study advances the application of constructs indicating resilience in reading research and sheds light on factors that provide promotive and protective support for early reading skills development.

A great deal of research has examined predictors related to the development of reading fluency and reading comprehension. Whilst a number of studies support the relationship between the development of reading fluency and subsequent improvements in reading comprehension, many studies have shown faster and more accurate decoding does not automatically lead to better comprehension. Often overlooked is the role of the text representation that is encoded in memory during reading and its influence on skilled reading comprehension. In this article, the authors review literature that explores the relationship between text representation and fluent reading. Based upon the results of this review, the authors suggest that the type of representation formed during reading is closely related to the development of both skilled reading comprehension and fluent reading. Keywords: fluency, text representation, repetition fact, reading comprehension The development of a skilled reader is a remarkable process. Over a relatively short period of time, a reader progresses from labourious word-by-word decoding to quickly and accurately understanding and constructing meaning contained in sentences, paragraphs, and entire passages. There has been considerable research on a number of predictors related to the development of reading comprehension, including phonological awareness, naming speed, and orthographic knowledge. However, the role of the text representation that is encoded in memory during reading and its influence on skilled reading comprehension is often overlooked. In this paper, we make the suggestion that the type of representation formed during reading seems to be closely related to the development of not only skilled reading comprehension, but also the development of reading fluency. To illustrate the relationship between text representation, comprehension and fluency, we start by reviewing literature concerning the kind of text representation laid down in memory. Following this, we explore the relationship between text representation and fluent text processing by outlining a recent model of text representation that can explain seemingly contradictory results. Finally, we review several studies that illustrate that the type of text representation influences both reading fluency and skilled reading comprehension. To understand ideas regarding the nature of text representation, one must first understand the text repetition task, which is the procedure used to investigate the nature of text representation. Individuals read a passage and then read a version of that passage again. The measure of interest is known as the repetition effect/ benefit or transfer and is the difference in reading time between the first and second reading. Researchers have consistently found that readers of all ability levels display a repetition effect when reading the same text a second time (see Levy, 1993, 2001; Raney, 2003; Rashotte & Torgesen, 1985, for reviews). Upon rereading, the text is read more fluently (faster and more accurately) with no loss in comprehension. It is well accepted that this effect is attributable to a memory representation of the text formed during the first reading, which is recruited to facilitate processing during subsequent readings. Using this methodology, researchers can systematically manipulate perceptual, lexical, syntactic, and conceptual features between readings to investigate how texts are represented in memory. The size of the repetition effect is used as an index of how much the first reading facilitates processing during the second encounter. In conjunction with the experimental manipulations, a repetition effect serves as an implicit measure of the kind of text representation formed during the first reading (Levy, 1993). Though a number of studies have investigated the nature of text representation, there is little consensus as to how text memory facilitates reading. At the heart of the debate is the question of whether the repetition effect is mediated by abstract word representations or by specific episodic text representations. …

This study explores the initial low reading interest and comprehension skills of fourth-grade students at Bintaran Elementary School and the impact of using children’s literature to address these issues. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to provide an in-depth analysis of students' reading habits and comprehension abilities. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation to capture a comprehensive picture of the situation. Findings revealed that students exhibited a low interest in reading, characterized by a general dislike of books, which directly impacted their reading comprehension skills. After the integration of children’s literature into the curriculum, students demonstrated improved engagement and comprehension. Teachers employed strategies such as book-reading competitions to motivate students, fostering both enjoyment and understanding of reading materials. The results highlight the importance of cultivating reading interest and comprehension skills in students to facilitate knowledge acquisition and the development of competencies essential for lifelong learning. Children’s literature emerged as an effective medium for enhancing these abilities, providing an engaging and relatable context for students. The use of children’s literature significantly improves reading interest and comprehension among elementary students. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of this approach and its application across diverse age groups and educational settings.

As highlighted by international assessments, the reading comprehension levels of Turkish students are far from the desired level. In this sense, the competencies of teachers who play a vital role in promoting students' reading comprehension skills are of high importance. The expectation that teachers who have a long educational life will have a high level of reading comprehension skills is the central starting point for this study. Identifying the level of reading comprehension of teachers is crucially important in terms of revealing competency levels of teachers. In this study, a descriptive screening model, one of the quantitative research methods, was employed to identify teachers’ levels of reading comprehension and use of reading strategies. The universe of the research consists of teachers working in secondary schools in Denizli province. Stratified sampling, which is based on probability sampling, was used for the selection of the sample. The sample included a total of 418 teachers. The research findings indicate that the teachers' reading comprehension and use of reading strategies levels differ by the branch variable, and Turkish teachers exhibit better reading comprehension than other teachers since it is their field of study. In addition to that, it is seen that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of use of reading strategies and the level of reading comprehension. Therefore, it is thought that an effective instruction of reading strategies will enable teachers of other branches to yield better performance.

Reading comprehension skill is seen as a predictor of word problem-solving performance, and the close relationship between reading comprehension and mathematical skills is accentuated. On the other hand, more research is needed as to determine how logical thinking and word problem solving are related to each other and to analyze the role of reading comprehension in this relationship. The aim of the study is to examine the role of reading comprehension in the relation between logical reasoning and word problem-solving in 158 fourth grade primary school students. The data were collected through the administration of logical reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and reading comprehension tests, and word problems. In this research, which makes use of a predictive correlational research model, the regression analysis was used to test the direct and indirect relationships between word problem solving, logical reasoning, inference making, and reading comprehension skills. As a result of the research, the relationships between the variables were found to be positively significant. Besides, reading comprehension seems to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between logical reasoning and word problem-solving. The positive correlation between word problem solving and logical reasoning skills suggests that activities to improve word problem-solving performance should be supported by logical reasoning- and inference making-related activities. The fact that reading comprehension skills play a mediating role between these two performances reveals the importance of linguistic skills such as reading comprehension in the development of logical and mathematical thinking.

This study investigates the correlation between reading comprehension skills and arithmetic proficiency skills among intermediate pupils at Madatag Elementary School. Recognizing the interdependence of literacy and numeracy in academic performance, the research aims to determine whether students' ability to understand written text significantly influences their performance in arithmetic tasks. Reading comprehension plays a pivotal role in students’ academic achievement across various disciplines, particularly in mathematics where understanding problem statements is essential for successful problem-solving. This study used a descriptive-correlational research design using Philippine Informal Reading Inventory [Phil IRI] and Assessment Tool in Numeracy [ATiN]. Weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson-r moment correlation coefficient were used. The majority of intermediate pupils at Madatag Elementary School are struggling with reading comprehension, as most of them fall within the frustration level of performance. Only a small number of learners demonstrated higher levels of comprehension, indicating a general difficulty in understanding reading texts. The wide range of scores among the pupils also highlights a significant variation in their reading abilities, suggesting that comprehension among the group are inconsistent and largely underdeveloped. The arithmetic proficiency levels of intermediate pupils at Madatag Elementary School vary significantly, with the majority falling under the "Developing" category, indicating a general need for improvement in arithmetic skills. A few pupils demonstrated high levels of proficiency, while some were identified at the "Beginning" level, showing substantial challenges. This variation highlights a performance gap among learners, with only a small group showing strong arithmetic skills and most requiring further instructional support to enhance their competence in basic mathematical operations. A very strong positive correlation (r=0.90, p<0.001) was found between the reading comprehension skills and arithmetic proficiency skills of the intermediate pupils at Madatag Elementary School. The results indicate that pupils who perform well in reading comprehension also tend to excel in arithmetic tasks. This suggests a close relationship between the two skill areas, highlighting how the ability to understand written information may influence mathematical performance, particularly in solving word problems. Based on the results, the study proposes targeted interventions that integrate reading strategies into mathematics instruction to enhance overall academic performance.

This research aims at finding out the implementation of web-blog in teaching and learning Reading Comprehension at Indonesian higher education institution. The study specifically would like to discover: (1) The application of web-log in teaching Reading Comprehension in the classroom; and (2) the impact of web-blog application on the students’ Reading Comprehension skill. This research applied a qualitative descriptive method using observation checklist and interview to collect the data. Five (5) fourth semester students at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar were selected as participants of the study using Purposive Random Sampling technique. The study found: (1) the lecturer perceived that the implementation of web-blog in teaching and learning reading comprehension skills has the potential to improve student learning outcomes, but technical problems and distractions are challenges that need to be overcome; and (2) the use of web- blog in teaching and learning Reading has a significant impact on increasing students' reading interest, motivation, and comprehension skills, making it an effective approach that offers a variety of benefits to students