Modulatory Effects of Achyranthes aspera Extracts Pre-Treatment on Cyclophosphamide Induced Alterations in Lipid Profile Parameters in Albino Rats

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of Tetracera alnifolia as well as the effects on some biochemical parameters in albino rats as many plants used in traditional medicine lack scientific and clinical evidence to support a better understanding of their safety and efficacy. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the pulverised root of Tetracera alnifolia was carried out using previously reported protocol. Sub-acute toxicity study of each extract was done for 28 days followed by organs function tests and histopathology studies of the liver, kidney and heart. Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress marker to ascertain the effect of each extract on lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant property was done after administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of each extract for a period of thirty-five days. Acute toxicity study of each extract gave oral LD50 (rat) of greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with no signs of toxicity. Sub-acute toxicity study showed both extracts were non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and blood at doses between 200 and 3000 mg/Kg body weight assessed by the respective organ function tests, hematological parameters, and histopathology study. However, higher doses seem toxic to the liver particularly at 5000 mg/kg B. W due to increase in plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities accompanied with reduced protein and albumin concentrations. Effects of each extracts at 200 mg/Kg body weight on some biochemical parameters revealed no significant difference in lipid profile parameters and no lipid peroxidation. Each extract may possess antioxidant property due to increase in catalase activity. The result from this research may help validate the safety of the oral use of this plant in traditional medicine.

The effect of ethanol extracts of boiled Treculia africana seed on the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats was determined. Fifteen male albino rats were used and were divided into three groups of five rats each. Groups 1 and 2 received 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract, while group 3 (control group) received 1 ml/kg of normal saline. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The body weights of the rats were determined daily. OGTT was determined at week zero (before extract administration) and at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, following extract administration. Glycemic index (GI) of the extracts was calculated from the incremental area under the OGTT curve. The total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels in the sera of the rats were determined using standard techniques. Atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) of the rats were expressed as ratios of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, respectively. Following 2 weeks of the extract administration, the blood glucose for groups 1 and 2 rats declined to values ≤100 mg/dl after oral glucose loading. GI for the standard rat feeds and the extracts at 100 and 200 mg/kg by the second week of experimentation were 100, 114, and 96.09, respectively. GI for the extract at 100 mg/kg decreased to 103.63 at the 4th week, while that for the extract at 200 mg/kg increased to 98.07. The extract at 100 mg/kg increased the LDL cholesterol, AI, and CRI of the rats, suggesting that consumption of boiled African breadfruit may expose an individual to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the study suggested that consumption of T. africana seed by a nondiabetic subject may have no effect on the glucose tolerance of the individual, while it will negatively impact on the glycemic status of a diabetic subject.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD is the leading non-communicable cause of death accounting for approximately 30% of all deaths worldwide. Recently, different natural and chemical substances including microplastics which are plastic particles with a diameter less than 5 mm have been implicated in causing damage to organs of the body including cardiovascular health and diabetes. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to microplastics in drinking water on some biochemical parameters in albino rats. Methodology: A total of Thirty-seven (37) albino rats weighing 130-150g were used for this study. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics pellets were obtained, crushed, dissolved in water and filtered before use. Pilot study was carried out to determine the LD50 of PET microplastic administered orally using the Lorke’s method of pilot toxicity testing. After allowing fourteen (14) days for acclimatization, the rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 5 rats in each group. The PET treatment was administered orally for 3 months. 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 120mg/kg PET microplastic were given to animals in groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Group 5 received water exposed to sunlight between 8am to 4pm daily for 30 days in PET containers while group 1 was normal control receiving food and water only. After the duration of treatments, blood samples were collected for analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c) using colorimetric methods while the LDL cholesterol levels were calculated using the Friedwald’s equation. Atherogenic indices such as Castelli Risk Index I (CRI-I), Castelli Risk Index II (CRI-II) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) were also calculated from the lipid profile values. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) were analysed using glucose oxidase method while Cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) and TNF a were evaluated using ELISA method. Statistical analysis was computed using GraphPad Prism Software Version 9.0.0 (121), San Diego, CA. Data obtained from this study were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical comparison between groups were done using one-way ANOVA, while Tukeys multiple comparison were used to obtain specific significant differences among the various groups. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Results obtained revealed the LD50 of PET administered orally to be 122.27mg/kg. There was a significant increase in levels of cardiac troponin I, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin in the PET treated groups compared to the control at (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean cardiac troponin I and TNF a, levels in the group treated with bottled water exposed to sunlight were significantly higher than in the control group but significantly lower than in the PET-treated groups at p<0.05. Conclusions: The findings from this study demonstrate that chronic exposure to PET microplastics induces significant alterations in these biochemical biomarkers in albino rats suggesting that PET microplastics may contribute to inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, and impaired glucose metabolism, which may increase the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes, thus, emphasizing the potential health risks associated with PET microplastic ingestion.

Despite being an effective modality of treatment against cancer, chemotherapy is a major factor responsible for the morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. Cyclophosphamide, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug belonging to the Nitrogen Mustard family of alkylating agents, has been documented for many side- effects on the healthy tissues and metabolism of individuals undergoing treatment. In the present study, an effort has been made to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide administration on hepatic metabolism of albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into two groups (n= 6 in each). Group 1 (Vehicle control) rats were treated with distilled water and group II rats were intraperitoneally administered with single dose of cyclophosphamide at the dose of 200 mg/kg b wt on day 1 of the experiment. Blood was collected from rats of each group on day 7 via cardiac puncture. Serum was separated and analysed for level of liver function markers and lipid profile parameters. Intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant increase in serum level of bilirubin and liver enzymes-- Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (P<0.001), while decreased the level of total protein (P<0.01), albumin (P<0.05) and globulin, when compared to vehicle control group rats. A significant increment in serum level of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c), Triglycerides (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL- c) along with a significant decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c) was observed following cyclophosphamide administration in group II rats, when compared to control group (P<0.001)Cyclophosphamide caused severe biochemical alterations resulting in hepatic toxicity, increased lipid peroxidation and redox imbalances in albino rats. Therefore, a routine monitoring of liver function might be advisable for the individuals undergoing chemotherapy as well as before recommending the chemotherapy session.

Abnormalities in serum lipid profiles play a central role in endothelial functional abnormality which is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular diseases. Hepatic damage disturbs hepatic functions such as lipid metabolism which can translate to a distorted lipid profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral administration of Sida acuta on the lipid profile and body weight of Wistar rats. Freshly harvested leaves of Sida acuta was dried under room temperature and afterwards ground to powder which was subsequently processed into extract. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2 ml of distilled water, groups II–VI were induced hepatic damage. While group II was left untreated, groups III-V were administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Sida acuta (AESD) respectively. Group VI was administered with silymarin (standard drug). Treatment lasted for 28 days after which animals were humanely sacrificed and blood sample collected for analysis. Treatment with extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activities of the liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While the serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for group II were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those reported for the normal control. Oral administration of extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for groups III-V. Oral administration of extract did not adversely affect the body weight of animals. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that oral administration of Sida acuta reversed a distorted lipid profile and did not result in weight loss.

Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis and Zingiber officinalis teas are traditionally used for the therapies of various diseases, including obesity. The present research work was planned to appraise the potential of polyphenol‐rich extracts of selected herbal plants in obesity and related biochemical parameters of high‐fat–sugar diet‐induced obese rats. Three herbal teas were prepared from Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis flowers and Zingiber officinalis rhizomes and their mixture (3:1, respectively). Total phenolic contents (TPC) of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis and Zingiber officinalis extracts were found to be 5.82 and 1.45 mg/g of dry plant material, measured as GAE, while total flavonoid contents (TFC) were 9.17 and 1.95 mg/g of dry plant material, measured as CE, respectively. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) of each tea were administered and body weight, BMI, kidney, liver, and atherogenic indices, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, BT, AST, ALT, AP, SC, MDA, SOD, GSH, and TAC of rats groups were measured. Data showed that higher doses of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis significantly reduced the rat's BMI (0.50 g/cm2) in comparison with the high‐fat–sugar diet group (0.79 g/cm2). All treatment groups, especially H‐500 group, showed a significant decrease in the elevated kidney and liver weights and atherogenic index in comparison with HFSDC groups. Higher doses of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis significantly decreased the levels of AST, ALT, AP, and SC in comparison with the HFSDC group. A significant decrease in the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL was observed in all the treatment groups in comparison with the HFSDC group. Furthermore, all the teas, especially higher doses of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis, prevented the alterations in MDA, SOD, and GSH levels of experimental groups, thus showing the potential against oxidative stress. It can be concluded from these results that Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis teas exhibited strong protective effects against obesity and oxidative stress, especially at higher doses.

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is one of the globally prevalent infectious diseases. Lipids play a crucial role in its development as well as in other diseases of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases significantly worsen the functional and vital prognosis of tuberculosis patients. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in lipid profile, glucose, and atherogenic markers between tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: The project involved 34 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a control group (CG: n = 35). The following were assessed: total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and glucose. Atherogenic indices: Castelli risk index I (CRI-I), Castelli risk index II (CRI-II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) were calculated from lipid profile parameters using appropriate formulas. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between CG and TB in the parameters CHOL, LDL and HDL (p < 0.001). Based on the calculated atherogenic indices CRI-I and AIP, people diagnosed with TB can be classified into the high cardiovascular risk group. By fitting the ROC curve, atherogenic indices were shown to be effective predictors of cardiovascular risk in people with tuberculosis. Conclusions: Atherogenic indices are useful markers for detecting cardiovascular disease in patients with tuberculosis and may help identify cardiovascular risks that might otherwise be missed.

Background: Nowadays, iron nanoparticles and other nanomaterials are widely used in many fields including industrial and biomedical fields. Yet many concerns remain about their fate and toxicity to living organisms. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk of using iron oxide nanomaterials as food additives for animals to increase its utilization compared to bulk size particles of the same material. Materials and Methods: The study included the effect of two different nano-sized iron oxides (25 nm and 50 nm) at two doses (1 mg/kg feed and 10 mg/kg feed) on some biological and hematological parameters in male albino rats. Results: The results indicate that rat’s performance, growth, feed conversion rates were not affected with no sign of toxicity. Most of the hematological parameters in all treated groups were not affected by IONPs except one group which showed a significant difference in the percent of granulocytes compared with the control. Conclusion: It can be concluded that iron oxide NPs of different sizes and doses did not affect their performance, growth rate, hematological parameters with no sign of toxicity.

Aim: To study the effect of exposure to crude oil on the liver, ovary, and some oxidative stress parameters in albino rats.&#x0D; Study Design: A total of 50 female albino rats were used in the experiment. The rats were grouped into three: The control group which consisted of 10 rats, the low dose group which consisted of 20 rats, and the high dose group also consisted of 20 rats. The low dosage group was orally administered 1.5 mL crude oil mixed with 300 grams of rat feeds (0.005 mL/g) and the high dosage group was orally administered 3.0 mL crude oil mixed with 300 grams of rat feeds (0.01mL/g), while the control group was fed with normal rat feeds. The treated feeds were given once a day for 35 days.&#x0D; Place of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: On the 36th day, the rats were sacrificed and then 5mL of blood from each rat was collected by cardiac puncture into labeled lithium heparin bottles for liver enzymes assay, hormonal assay, and oxidative stress parameters assay, while the livers and ovaries were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline before tissue processing and histological examinations using H&amp;E staining technique. The collected blood specimens were spun; the plasma was extracted and analyzed in the laboratory for Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin, Malondialdyde (MDA), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad prism version 8.02.&#x0D; Results: Significantly higher plasma levels of AST, ALT, and MDA in the treated groups, except for ALP which was only significantly higher in the high-dose group. FSH, LH, Prolactin, and SOD indicated significantly lower levels in the crude oil-treated rats. The histological examinations showed marked distortion in the architecture of the livers and ovaries of the treated groups, also, there was a reduction in ovarian cellularity and massive degenerated tissues.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is shown that exposure to crude oil contaminants orally could have a significant effect on the plasma level of hepatocellular enzymes, reproductive hormones, and oxidative stress parameters which in turn could lead to hepatocellular dysfunction, infertility, or impaired reproduction in mammals and cellular injuries caused by excess free radicals as signaled by plasma level of oxidative stress parameters.

Objective: To establish to paraquat poisoning acute lung injury animal model to study the therapeutic effect of Salvia polyphenols acid salt of paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Methods: Adult male Wister rats 120, were randomly divided into three groups: the paraquat exposure group, the start of the experiment to give a one-time 20% paraquat dope orally 50 mg/kg body weight of rats; salvianolate treatment group, the start of the experiment paraquat to give a one-time 20% the stock solution orally 50 mg/kg body weight of rats, and then given daily intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of rats salvianolate; blank control group was given the same amount normal saline. The exposure group, the treatment group and control group rats were sacrificed after anesthesia in the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day from the beginning of the experiment respectively, and taken out and preserved venous blood specimens and lung tissue to be tested. Venous detection heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) , the lung tissue detection heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) , hydroxyproline (HYP) . And do biopsy specimens from some of the lung tissue, HE and Masson staining observed by optical microscope. Results: Compared with control group, model group 7, 14, 21 days had elevated levels of serum and lung tissue HO-1 (all P<0.05) ; Treatment group 3, 7, 14, 21 days increased (all P<0.05) , and 3, 7, 14 days is higher than the model group (compared with model group, P<0.05) . Compared with control group, treatment group 3 days and model group, 14, 21 days HYP content in lung tissue increased significantly (all P<0.05) ; 21 days, compared with model group, HYP content of treatment group reduce obviously, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Optical microscope observation, lung tissue damage and aggravated with the experimental increase in the number of days, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal fibrosis gradually formed. The treatment group experimental animal lung tissue to reduce inflammation, lung fibrosis relief. Conclusion: Paraquat (50 mg/kg body weight) to fill the stomach can be induced model of acute lung injury in the rats. The serum HO-1 expression and HO-1, HYP content in lung tissue increased obviously in model rats. Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenols acid salt to a certain degree and stage influenced the expression of HO-1 and HYP, relieve acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, has certain curative effect in the treatment of paraquat poisoning.

Protein-energy deficiency (PED) is a major infant health problem in developing countries with high mortality rate. Inadequate food intake and infectious diseases are the main factors for PED. In clinical setting, branded foods are commonly used to treat the PED but these foods are expensive. Canna (Canna edulis Ker.), catfish (Pangasius sp.), and red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are easily found in Indonesia and rich carbohydrates and protein. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect between pellets and porridge from canna, catfish, and red beans (GANIME) on the body weight (BW) of rats with PED.Ten male wistar rats, which aged 3 weeks and weighed 50-100 g, were used in this in vivo study. The rats model with PED was made by using the existing method through 40-60% gradual feed restriction for 14 days. Selected rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: G1 was given GANIME pellets and G2 was given GANIME porridge for 14 days. The rat BW each group routinely weighed every 7 days.The average BW of G1 rats was 78,00 ± 15,52 g, which was not significant different from the average BW of G2 rats was 70,50 ± 2,12 g (p= 0,64). In group G1 there was a greater increase than in group G2, namely 12.67 grams.Administration of GANIME pellets increases more body weight in rats with PED, compared to administration of GANIME porridge.

Menopause, caused by decreased ovarian function and estrogen levels, can cause a variety of physical and emotional symptoms. A decrease in estrogen increases the risk of chronic conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Atrophy of the endometrium decreased glandular numbers and thinning of the endometrial layer are characterized during menopause, which also increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding. In addition, the decrease in estrogen also contributes to the thinning of the vaginal epithelium and changes in pH, increasing the risk of vaginal infections. Menopause is also associated with weight changes and the risk of other phenotypic changes. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help, it has risks, such as breast cancer. The use of phytoestrogens from plants such as red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is a safe alternative treatment. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) on IL-6 levels, vaginal pH, number of endometrial glands and body weight in male rats model of menopause Method: This study used a true experimental design with pre and post-test control group design. This study was conducted on female rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain menopausal model by dividing into control groups; ovariectomy group, standard estradiol treatment group, and three treatment groups of red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) at doses of 35 mg/200 gBW, 70 mg/200 gBW, and 140 mg/200 gBW. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, vaginal pH, number of endometrial glands and rat body weight were observed in the study. Result: Red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) can significantly improve IL-6 levels, vaginal ph, number of endometrial glands and body weight of rats with menopausal models (p &lt; 0.05). In lowering IL-6 levels, the most optimal dose is 70 mg/200 gBW. While in improving the vaginal ph value, number of endometrial glands, and body weight of rats with an optimal menopausal model at a dose of 140 mg/200 gBW. Conclusions: Red bean extract showed significant estrogenic activity as a phytoestrogen, showing that its use can be an alternative in overcoming symptoms due to menopause by being proven to reduce IL-6 levels, lower vaginal pH, increase the number of endometrial glands and reduce weight ovariectomy rats

Objective To observe the effect of early use of 0.25 MPa hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on pain behavior in model rat of neuropathic pain (NP) and explore the mechanism. Methods Fifty-four male Sprague⁃Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (18 rats per group) including sham operation, sciatic nerve ligation with chronic constriction injury (CCI) and HBO early⁃treatment groups. The rat model of neuropathic pain was established, and CCI + HBO group received 0.25 MPa HBO treatment for 60 min per day at early stage, continuing for 5 d. The changes in general state of health, the number of paw withdrawal responses, paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were assessed at different time points after operation. Results Compared with sham-operated group, the body weight of rats in CCI group decreased significantly (t = 4.772, P = 0.000) on the 14th day; the body weight of rats in CCI + HBO group was significantly higher than that in CCI group (t = 2.411, P = 0.029). Compared with sham-operated group, reduced PWL immediately after operation (t = 28.345, P = 0.000), and more paw withdrawal responses (t = 12.541, P = 0.000) and decreased PWT (t = 4.032, P = 0.001) from the 3rd day after operation were observed in CCI group. Compared with CCI group, the number of paw withdrawal responses decreased (t = 8.077, P = 0.000), and PWT and PWL increased (t = 2.114, P = 0.049; t = 7.715, P = 0.000) in CCI + HBO group. Conclusion 0.25 MPa HBO treatment at early stage can ameliorate the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. HBO may provide a new convenient and effective way for the treatment of neuropathic pain in clinic.

ARTICLESAging in the rat: longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of body compositionGT Lesser, S Deutsch, and J MarkofskyGT Lesser, S Deutsch, and J MarkofskyPublished Online:01 Dec 1973https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.6.1472MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySex-dependent effects of forced exercise in the body composition of adolescent rats12 May 2021 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1Age related weight loss in female 5xFAD mice from 3 to 12 months of ageBehavioural Brain Research, Vol. 406Issues concerning sarcopenia in ageing adults19 January 2015 | Age and Ageing, Vol. 44, No. 2Serum and muscle interleukin-15 levels decrease in aging mice: Correlation with declines in soluble interleukin-15 receptor alpha expressionExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 45, No. 2Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades6 December 2007 | British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 99, No. 4BIBLIOGRAPHYThe aging feline kidney: A model mortality antagonist?11 November 2016 | Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 8, No. 6Effects of Age and Caloric Restriction on Lipid Peroxidation: Measurement of Oxidative Stress by F2-Isoprostane LevelsThe Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 7Influence of lifetime food restriction on causes, time, and predictors of death in dogsJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 226, No. 2Effects of Aging on Gut HormonesThe Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Following high Milk Intake in Mice27 September 2008 | Drug and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 17, No. 4Strain specific respiratory air space enlargement in aged ratsExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 25, No. 6Age-Dependent changes of pancreatic islet blood flow in the ratInternational journal of pancreatology, Vol. 5, No. 2Aging and reproduction fail to increase body fat in S 5B/P1 ratsNutrition Research, Vol. 9, No. 4The effect of low protein-high dextrin diet and subsequent food restriction upon life prolongation in Fischer 344 male ratsMechanisms of Ageing and Development, Vol. 45, No. 1Effects of Ingestion of High Protein or Excess Methionine Diets by Rats for Two YearsThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 118, No. 1Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Ethanol, Diazepam and Pentobarbital in Young and Aged RatsPharmacology & Toxicology, Vol. 61, No. 5Ageing, exercise and food restriction: effects on body compositionMechanisms of Ageing and Development, Vol. 36, No. 2Skeletal muscle aging in the hind limb of the old male Wistar rat: inhibitory effect of hypophysectomy and food restrictionArchives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Vol. 4, No. 2State of Knowledge on Action of Food Restriction and AgingAge-related differences in food intake, body weight, and survival of male F344 rats in 5°C coldExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 20, No. 2Lifespan changes in the index of cephalization27 September 2007 | Experimental Aging Research, Vol. 10, No. 3Adipocyte Hormone Responsiveness and Aging in the Rat: Problems in the Interpretation of Aging Research27 April 2015 | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 32, No. 3Distribution and excretion of 2,3,6,2′,3′,6′- and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl in senescent ratsToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 70, No. 2Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in beagle dogs of different agesNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 4, No. 2Effect of age on plasma 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D in the ratAGE, Vol. 5, No. 2BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS IN RATS: NON-UNIFORM YIELDS FROM INTRAPERITONEAL DOSES BASED ON BODY WEIGHT19 July 2012 | British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 75, No. 1Nutrition and aging: Some unanswered questionsThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 71, No. 3Body Weight and Composition in Laboratory Rats: Effects of Diets with High or Low Protein ConcentrationsScience, Vol. 211, No. 4478Biological age and its estimation. 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Studies of some physiological parameters in albino rats and their validity as biological age testsExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 16, No. 1Age-dependence of collagen tail fiber breaking strength in Sprague-Dawley and fischer 344 ratsExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 16, No. 1Mortality and growth characteristics of rat strains commonly used in aging research27 September 2007 | Experimental Aging Research, Vol. 6, No. 3Age-related differences in response to ethanol in the rat7 October 2013 | Physiological Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 4The effect of diet and genetic constitution on growth curves and efficiency in rats2 September 2010 | Animal Science, Vol. 25, No. 3Life span characteristics in the male fischer rat28 September 2007 | Experimental Aging Research, Vol. 2, No. 5Age changes in myocardial function and exercise responseProgress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol. 19, No. 1Longitudinal and cross-sectional observations of growth and body composition with age in laboratory populations of the male annual cyprinodont fish, Nothobranchius guentheriExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 11, No. 5-6 More from this issue > Volume 225Issue 6December 1973Pages 1472-1478 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1973 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.6.1472PubMed4760463History Published online 1 December 1973 Published in print 1 December 1973 Metrics

Secondary metabolites of plants origin are the richest source of active therapeutics with. Cissampelos owariensisis (English name: lungworth, Hausa: damaraji, Yoruba: Jokoje and Jenjo: Kinkeh) infusion of rhizomes have been used for treatment of various ailments and maladies. Despite the reports on the medicinal benefits of the plant, there are scanty reports on its toxicity. This study wishes to assess the effects of C. owariensis root bark on some liver parameters in adult albino rats in its attempt to elucidate its toxicity. Four experimental groups of Albino Rats were (control, low medium and high doses) administered with oral doses of 0mg/kg 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg per body weight of the methanolic extract dissolved in distilled water respectively. The weights of the animals were monitored over a period of two weeks. The experiment was done in replicates and the data generated analysed using one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 20. The result showed a significant weight gain in the 200mg/kg body weight treatment group, whereas the 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight treatments did not differ significantly to the control. Also, serum AST and ALT levels is not significant when compared to the control group but increasing ALT activity of 15.75±2.50IU to 20.00±3.83IU was observed in the 200mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight treatment groups respectively. On the other hand, the serum ALP showed significant levels of activities in the higher dose treatment group. The levels of total serum protein in the 600mg/kg bwt and 400mg/kg bwt as significantly lower when compared to the control and 200mg/kg bwt treatment group. There was also significant elevation in levels of total and conjugated bilirubin in the 600mg/kg bwt group compared to the control and 200mg/kg bwt groups. In conclusion, methanolic extract of C. owariensis has no toxic effects on hepatic cell consequent of the normal values of AST and ALT whereas the elevation in ALP and bilirubin in disproportion to ALT and AST could denote a cholestatic pattern of liver toxicity.