Abstract
Caligus rogercresseyi, a marine ectoparasite, causes notable economic losses for the Chilean salmonid industry. Nevertheless, the immunological responses of infected fish remain poorly understood, including proinflammatory cytokine generation and the respective modulatory effects of various cytokine receptors. This study evaluated mRNA expression of the NLRC5, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, I-kappa-B-alpha, a regulatory that inhibits NF-kappa-B, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in the liver and muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during a time-course C. rogercresseyi infestation trial. All assessed mRNA were strongly regulated during infestation, but S. salar showed up-regulated expression, possibly accounting for the high infestation vulnerability of this salmonid. In conclusion, this work helps to understand the modulation of the expression of different transcripts involved over short periods of C. rogercresseyi infestation in two salmonid species (S. salar and O. kisutch).
Highlights
Proinflammatory cytokine generation and the respective modulation of cytokines by different receptor types are two poorly studied immunological mechanisms of fish infected by bacteria, viruses, and ectoparasites [1,2,3]
Interleukins are potent proinflammatory cytokines that have been described in teleost fishes, where IL-1β is key in the early response, being secreted when pathogens enter circulation [10], where the receptor IL
Interleukins are potent proinflammatory cytokines that have been described in teleost fishes, where IL-1β is key in the early response, being secreted when pathogens enter circulation [10], where the receptor IL -1β is expressed in all tissues of Atlantic salmon [27]
Summary
Proinflammatory cytokine generation and the respective modulation of cytokines by different receptor types are two poorly studied immunological mechanisms of fish infected by bacteria, viruses, and ectoparasites [1,2,3]. Some cytokine receptors are components of the inflammasome complex, acting as innate immune system receptors/sensors that regulate caspase-1 activation and induce inflammation in response to infectious pathogens and molecules derived from host proteins [4]. An NLRC5 gene was recently identified and analyzed within the inflammasome complex of teleost fish, reporting involvement in modulating the inflammatory response [7]. This inflammatory response would be initiated by immune-cell (e.g., leukocytes) recruitment to and differentiation at the site of infection, thereby activating the antimicrobial effector mechanism and stimulating the immune response [8]. It has been reported that NF-kappa B binds to sites of the NLRC5 promoter region, stimulating its expression [10]
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