Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of cancer has increased worldwide. Oncological hyperthermia is a group of methods that overheat the malignant tissues locally or systematically. Nevertheless, hyperthermia is not widely accepted, primarily because of the lack of selectivity for cancer cells and because the temperature-triggered higher blood flow increases the nutrient supply to the tumor, raising the risk of metastases. These problems with classical hyperthermia led to the development of modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT). The biophysical differences of the cancer cells and their healthy hosts allow for selective energy absorption on the membrane rafts of the plasma membrane of the tumor cells, triggering immunogenic cell death. Currently, this method is used in only 34 countries. The effectiveness of conventional oncotherapies increases when it is applied in combination with mEHT. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo preclinical research studies have all shown the extraordinary ability of mEHT to kill malignant cells. Clinical applications have improved the quality of life and the survival of patients. For these reasons, many other research studies are presently in progress worldwide. Thus, the objective of this review is to highlight the capabilities and advantages of mEHT and provide new hopes for cancer patients worldwide.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is considered a universal public health problem with a large impact on healthcare costs
This study found that treating the tumors on the legs of mice with modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT) together with injecting dendritic cell (DC) resulted in a significant inhibition of the growth of distant tumors on the chest [70]
The complete metabolic response (CMR) of disease outside the radiation field at 6 m posttreatment shows the abscopal effect, significantly associated with the addition of mEHT
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is considered a universal public health problem with a large impact on healthcare costs. Many types of treatments have been developed, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and, more recently, immunotherapy Among these modalities, the correct choice for patients varies depending on the type and stage of their disease. One method known to ancient medical practitioners was oncological hyperthermia This method was described as the overheating of malignant tissues, either locally or systematically. It was the first known oncological therapy used by Hippocrates [2]. Westermark treated cervical cancer by running hot water through an intracavitary spiral tube The desire to eliminate these side effects of classical hyperthermia led to the discovery of the electromagnetic heating method This new paradigm is possible due to modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT), which makes cellular selection possible [5]. The selectively tuned technique changes the isothermal (homogeneous) heating procedures in conventional hyperthermia
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