Abstract
On the basis of the unique experience of operating reactors with heavy liquid metal coolant–eutectic lead-bismuth alloy in nuclear submarines, the concept of modular small fast reactors SVBR-100 for civilian nuclear power has been developed and validated. The features of this innovative technology are as follows: a monoblock (integral) design of the reactor with fast neutron spectrum, which can operate using different types of fuel in various fuel cycles including MOX fuel in a self-providing mode. The reactor is distinct in that it has a high level of self-protection and passive safety, it is factory manufactured and the assembled reactor can be transported by railway. Multipurpose application of the reactor is presumed, primarily, it can be used for regional power to produce electricity, heat and for water desalination. The Project is being realized within the framework of state-private partnership with joint venture OJSC “AKME-Engineering” established on a parity basis by the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” and the Limited Liability Company “EuroSibEnergo”.
Highlights
Reliable power supply is a basis for sustainable development and the existence of mankind.Currently the basic power source that can solve the problem from the standpoint of possible constraints on fuel resources and elimination of harmful effects on the environment is nuclear power (NP) based on fast reactors (FR) operating in a closed nuclear fuel cycle (NFC)
The most expedient way to upgrade the nuclear power plant (NPP) safety and at the same time improve the economic characteristics is use of reactor facility (RF), in which the value of stored potential energy is the lowest and in which the inherent self-protection and passive safety properties can be realized to the maximal extent
The most expedient way to upgrade the NPP safety and at the same time improve the economic characteristics is use of RFs, in which the value of stored potential energy is the lowest and inherent self-protection and passive safety properties can be realized to the maximal extent
Summary
Reliable power supply is a basis for sustainable development and the existence of mankind. The technology that is mostly available for practical implementation is that based on application of modular multi-purposed small power fast reactors (100 MWe) with heavy liquid-metal coolant (HLMC)—eutectic lead-bismuth alloy, which possess developed properties of inherent self-protection and passive safety, i.e., SVBR-100 [2]. When speaking about the wide use of LBC cooled RFs in nuclear power, it is necessary to consider the specific issues concerning use of bismuth in coolant These issues are as follows: the radiation hazard of alpha-active polonium-210 radionuclide formed in the process of irradiating bismuth with neutrons, the high cost of bismuth, the small scale of bismuth production and insufficient exploration of bismuth resources. As development of LBC cooled FRs is based on experience of LBC application in the NS reactors, the gained experience is described briefly
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