Modifizierter Mini-Hardinge-Zugang zur Implantation von Hüftgelenksprothesen in Rückenlage

Abstract

Total hip arthroplasty with a minimal-incision technique that can be performed in the widely used supine position. The accustomed and good overview of this position allows safe positioning of the implant and combines this with the advantage of a soft tissue preserving technique. All standard instruments and implants can be further applied. Primary and secondary coxarthrosis, femoral head necrosis. Revision surgery, severe anatomic deformity, implantation of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. Supine position. The skin incision runs from the innominate tubercle proximally and falls slightly in the dorsal direction (20-30°). Incision of the iliotibial tract and exposure of the vastogluteal muscle sling. Starting from the greater trochanter, the sinewy onset of the minimal and medium gluteal muscle is split with an arched-shaped incision, which also falls proximally in the dorsal direction. Exposition of the joint capsule, longitudinal incision and resection of the ventrolateral parts. Dislocation of the hip by a combined adduction and external rotation movement. Osteotomy of the femoral neck and resection of the femoral head are performed in a figure-of-four position without adduction. To prepare the acetabulum and to insert the cup, the leg is placed in neutral position with a slight flexion of 20° in the hip. Preparation of the femur and implantation of the stem is again performed in a figure-of-four position in adduction. Reduction of the hip and stepwise wound closure. Mobilization on postoperative day1. Starting with half weight bearing and after completed wound healing rapid increase to full weight bearing. Intensive physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Thrombosis prophylaxis according to guidelines. The mini-incision approach has successfully been used in our clinic for years. Between September 2004 and November 2005, the less-invasive technique was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 51patients (52hips). Compared to the standard approach a significantly shorter incision length (8.9 vs. 14.0cm) and a slightly lower blood loss (502 vs. 660ml) were observed for the modified mini-Hardinge. Moreover, the mini-incision group showed slightly better functional results in the early course. A higher rate of implant malpositioning or a higher peri- and postoperative complication rate was not observed.