Abstract
This paper shows the investigation for the optimal anion exchange membranes (AEM) supporting the desorption step of the HCDI process. The chemical modification of PVDF by diethylene triamine created the AEM. To confirm the ion-exchange character of materials, the chemical analysis with FTIR, SEM, surface energetics, and transportation analysis were applied. Next, the investigated membranes were applied for the sorption and desorption of lithium chloride. The specific sorptive parameters were higher according to the incorporation of the nitrogen groups into polymeric chains. Considering the desorption efficiency, membranes modified by four days were selected for further evaluation. The application in the HCDI process allowed reaching the desorption efficiency at 90%. The system composed of PVDF-DETA4 membrane was suitable for sorption 30 mg/g of salt. By applying the PVDF-DETA4 membrane, it is possible to concentrate LiCl with four factors. The anion exchange character of the developed membrane was confirmed by adsorption kinetics and isotherms of chlorides, nitrates, sodium, and lithium. The prepared membrane could be considered a perspective material suitable for concentration salt with electro-driven technologies for the above reasons.
Highlights
The hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) is an electro-membrane process dedicated to selective removal species like ions in the minority at aqueous solutions [1]
The cell of HCDI is built from selective cathode material like lithium spinel-type sorbent and a composite anode made with activated carbon coated by anion exchange membrane [2]
The presented research is related to preparing anion exchange membranes that can be used for concentration salts during the desorption step
Summary
The hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) is an electro-membrane process dedicated to selective removal species like ions in the minority at aqueous solutions [1]. The cell of HCDI is built from selective cathode material like lithium spinel-type sorbent and a composite anode made with activated carbon coated by anion exchange membrane [2]. As a cathodic material the sorbents like lithium–manganese–titanium oxide (LMTO) [3], lithium manganese iron oxide (LMFO) [4], nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) [5], manganese oxides [6], sodium manganese oxide (NMO) [7], lithium manganese oxides (LMO) or made with activated carbon modified by inorganic oxides [8], silver [9] or conductive polymers [10] are used. The primary cell of HCDI is comprised of lithium selective adsorbent as the cathode and activated carbon electrode wrapped with the anion-exchange membrane as the composite anode
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