Abstract

Electrospun polymer nanofibers (EPNFs) as one-dimensional nanostructures are characterized by a high surface area-to-volume ratio, high porosity, large number of adsorption sites and high adsorption capacity. These properties nominate them to be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of water pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes and other pollutants. Organic dyes are considered one of the most hazardous water pollutants due to their toxic effects even at very low concentrations. To overcome this problem, the adsorption technique has proven its high effectiveness towards the removal of such pollutants from aqueous systems. The use of the adsorption technique depends mainly on the properties, efficacy, cost and reusability of the adsorbent. So, the use of EPNFs as adsorbents for dye removal has received increasing attention due to their unique properties, adsorption efficiency and reusability. Moreover, the adsorption efficiency and stability of EPNFs in aqueous media can be improved via their surface modification. This review provides a relevant literature survey over the last two decades on the fabrication and surface modification of EPNFs by an electrospinning technique and their use of adsorbents for the removal of various toxic dyes from contaminated water. Factors affecting the adsorption capacity of EPNFs, the best adsorption conditions and adsorption mechanism of dyes onto the surface of various types of modified EPNFs are also discussed. Finally, the adsorption capacity, isotherm and kinetic models for describing the adsorption of dyes using modified and composite EPNFs are discussed.

Highlights

  • Water pollution is one of the most serious problems that has resulted from industrial development and rapid population growth

  • Bai et al modified the surface of polylactic acid (PLLA) nanofibres by plasma etching treatment, which lead to changing in the surface of Electrospun polymer nanofibers (EPNFs) from smooth to rough with porous structure and high surface area within

  • Functionalized PAN nanofibers by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene diamine (EDA), and studied adsorption of anionic dyes such as MO and RR dye [105]. They found that the adsorption capacity of MO and RR dye onto the surface of EDTA-EDA-PAN nanofibers was higher than pristine PAN nanofibers and stable at various pH values

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Summary

Introduction

Water pollution is one of the most serious problems that has resulted from industrial development and rapid population growth. The releasing of colored wastewater to aquatic systems causes many problems for living organisms due to the dye molecules, heavy metals and aromatic compounds contained in the water, as well as their stability and their ability to reduce sunlight transmission. To avoid these problems, dyeing wastewater must be treated before being released to the environment. EPNFs as one-dimensional nanostructures have unique properties such as a large surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity, large number of adsorption sites and high adsorption capacity These properties allow the use of EPNFs as effective adsorbents for various pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes and others pollutants. This review article will focus mainly on the fabrication of EPNFs, factors affecting on their adsorption capacity, their surface modification, crosslinking, as well as their nanocomposites with carbon nanomaterials, clay, silica, metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and bacteria into EPNFs mats and their applications as adsorbents for dyes and as an adsorption mechanism

Fabrication of EPNFs
Modification of Polymer Nanofibers
Blending with Other Polymers
Incorporating Nanomaterials
Wet Chemistry
Surface Grafting
Surface Coating
Plasma
Functional Groups
Surface Area and Porosity
Effect of Dye Nature
Effect of Operating Conditions of Adsorption
Nanofibers Dosage
Contact Time
Initial Dye Concentration
Temperature
Adsorption Mechanism of Dyes onto Nanofiber Mats
Types of EPNFs as Adsorbent for the Removal of Dyes
Homopolymers-Based-EPNFs as Adsorbent for Dyes Removal
EPNFs Blends as Adsorbent for Dyes Removal
Crosslinked EPNFs as Adsorbent for Dyes Removal
Functionalized EPNFs as Adsorbent for Dyes Removal
EPNFs Based on Composites Polymers as an Adsorbent for Dye Removal
EPNFs-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Adsorbents for Dyes Removal
Findings
Conclusions and Future Perspectives

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