Abstract
In current clinical practice, there is no specific standard and grading system that can be used to measure the behaviour of the retinal blood vessel curvature. The retinal blood vessel curvature is measured based on clinical experiences. It is very subjective and inconsistent to describe the presence of tortuosity in fundus images. Thus, this paper aims to measure the tortuosity of retinal blood vessel using curvature-based method and investigate its relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease. The proposed tortuosity measures have been tested on 43 fundus images belonging to patients who have been diagnosed with DR disease and validated by two clinical experts from our collaborative hospital. On average, the proposed algorithm achieved 90.7% (accuracy), 98.72% (sensitivity) and 9.3% (false negative rate), that shows significant tortuosity presence in diabetic retinopathy fundus images.
Highlights
Diabetic eye disease consists of a group of eye conditions that affect people with diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular oedema (DME), cataract and glaucoma
43 DR images obtained from DRIVE, STARE and HRF databases were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed tortuosity measurement algorithm
Two ophthalmologists on two different occasions were asked to give their observation on existence of tortuosity in the DR fundus images
Summary
Diabetic eye disease consists of a group of eye conditions that affect people with diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular oedema (DME), cataract and glaucoma. Based on the latest statistic in 2015, 3.5 million Malaysian adults are diagnosed with diabetes, and more than half of the numbers (9.2%) do not know they have the disease. Tortuosity is a curve property that describes the curve’s twistedness or crookedness It is defined as twisted appearance of retinal vascular compare to normal blood vessels that usually appeared straight or gently curve [14,15]. The proposed retinal blood vessel tortuosity measurement used the combination of local and global measurements adopted from [54, 13]. In (1) shows the mathematical expression of global retinal blood vessel measurement, as follows: (1). Global measurement can be said as the average value of the blood vessel segments in the fundus image.
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