Modification of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method for Improved Decision Making

<div data-canvas-width="540.0693333333334">The paper aims to compare the results of the selection/choice of cream separators by using multi-criteria decision-making methods in an integrated manner for an enterprise with a dairy processing capacity of 80 to 100 tons per day operating in the Turkish food sector. A total of 7 alternative products and 7 criteria for milk processing were determined. Criterion weights were calculated using entropy method and then integrated into TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions), GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) and COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) methods. Sensitivity analyses were carried out on the results obtained from the three methods to check for their reliability. At the end of the study, similar alternative and appropriate results were found from the TOPSIS and COPRAS methods. However, different alternative but appropriate or suitable results were obtained from the GRA method. Sensitivity analysis of the three methods showed that all the methods used were valid. In the review of available and related literature, very few studies on machine selection in the dairy and food sector in general were found. For this reason, it is thought that the study will contribute to the decision-making process of companies in the dairy sector in their choice of machinery selections. As far as is known, this paper is the first attempt in extant literature to compare in an integrated manner the results of TOPSIS, COPRAS and GRA methods considered in the study.</div>

Increasing demand on micro-product leads to the development of innovative manufacturing process in nonconventional machining process to these micro-scale applications. In the medical field a huge variety of products can be found in prosthesis, surgery devices and tissue engineering, which required the application of the EDM process to manufacture micro cavities. Now-a-days the materials like Ti-alloy (Ti6Al4V) and 316L Stainless Steel are widely used in biomedical fields, which are very difficult to machine. These materials are also used in additive manufacturing process. Here it presents an experimental study of electro-discharge machining (EDM) of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and 316L Stainless Steel. The objective of this work is to study the effect and optimization of machining process parameters like pulse-on-time, discharge current and duty cycle on process performance parameters such as material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and Radial over cut (ROC). A Taguchi L9 design of experiment (DOE) has been applied and three levels of process parameters have been taken. The optimization method Grey relational analysis (GRA) method was used to optimize the parameters. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) also indicated the percentage contribution of machining parameters that influence response performance parameters. By the GRA method it was found that for Ti-alloy the machining parameter duty cycle (DC) has maximum percentage contribution on the output responses followed by discharge current (I p) and pulse on time (T ON). Similarly for 316L Stainless Steel the machining parameter discharge current (I p) has maximum percentage contribution on the output responses followed by pulse-on-time (T ON) and duty cycle (DC).

In order to study the relationship between China's safety production indicators and economic and social indicators, the development trend of indicator data in the past 20 years was statistically analyzed, and qualitative and quantitative research was conducted using grey relational analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods. In the past two decades, there has been a significant improvement in the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China's safety production, and the country's three categories of 14 economic and social indicators have achieved rapid development. Using the grey relation analysis method, the grey correlation degree between the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China over the past twenty years and 14 economic and social indicators was obtained. The ranking of economic and social indicators that affect the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients varies greatly. A multiple linear regression model was established for the number of deaths, work-related injuries, occupational diseases, and 14 economic and social indicators. The rationality of the model was verified from four aspects: R2, F-value, P-value, and deviation between actual and fitted values. Provide guidance for the development of safety production indicators and economic and social indicators in China through research.

Purpose - A macroeconomic analysis is a statistical analysis showing the current situation of the economy. Thanks to this analysis, individuals, investors, companies, states, and the public can perceive the strengths and weaknesses of the economy and make decisions accordingly. In this study, the macroeconomic performances of forty-four European countries was analyzed. Methodology- The Gray relational analysis method was used in the study. Findings- As evaluation criteria, nine macroeconomic variables were determined and thus two important results were obtained. The first was the indication of the Grey relational analysis (GRA) method application, an analysis method consisting of six stages. The second result was the macroeconomic performances of European countries. Conclusion- According to the obtained findings, the ten countries with the most successful macroeconomic performance were Ireland, Russia, Germany, Azerbaijan, Malta, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Armenia, and Poland, and the ten countries with the lowest macroeconomic performance were France, Serbia, Finland, Portugal, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Belgium, Montenegro, Ukraine, and Greece. Turkey ranked thirty-third among the forty-four countries

Purpose Since the demand for energy has dramatically increased in the countries which have fast-growing population and economy, they have faced with a critical problem of how to evaluate a set of potential energy sources (i.e. nuclear, natural gas, bio, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar) and choose the ultimate energy source for their needs. On the other hand, this critical problem turns into a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in the presence of a set of energy source alternatives and evaluation criteria. In literature, there are many MCDM methods introduced to solve for different kinds of problems. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated approach for evaluating energy sources using fuzzy AHP and GRA, with a case for Turkey. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods are used because of their advantages for similar problems. On the other hand, due to the fact that the conventional AHP by a nine-point scale and GRA method using a scale with crisp values can be unable to handle to capture the right judgments of a decision-maker(s), to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of a decision-maker, the fuzzy logic is integrated with the AHP and GRA. Findings The contributions of the paper to the literature are given in two dimensions as follows: it presents an integrated approach for complex decision processes with subjective data or vague information; the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA method for energy source selection, is unique for the related problem in literature. The results of the proposed model from the case of Turkey will help practitioners and experts of how to apply it to the similar problems in the field of energy management. Research limitations/implications In short, in this paper, an integrated approach is proposed through the fuzzy AHP and the fuzzy GRA methods. As the fuzzy AHP is used to determine the weights of evaluation criteria, the fuzzy GRA is used to rank energy source alternatives. Practical implications In addition, a case study for Turkey is presented to show the applicability of the proposed approach for potential practitioners who are authority in the field of energy in public and private sectors. Social implications On the other hand, the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA for energy source selection can also be an intelligent tool for public and private energy companies in Turkey, as well as others in the world. Originality/value On the other hand, in this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study contributes to the literature that the first time, they use the fuzzy alpha-cut AHP and GRA in fuzzy environment for energy source evaluation problem.

While the coloring of textiles was done with natural dyes in history, today it has been completely replaced by chemical dyes and our cultural values have begun to be abandoned. For this reason, various studies are carried out in order to revitalize natural dyeing and to increase its preference. Turkey's flora is rich in terms of plant diversity, thus it makes it easier to facilitate studies related to natural dyeing. We can count the olive tree that has an important place in this diversity and it grows in many regions of our country. In this research, the usability of the natural dye obtained from the leaves of the olive tree, which is very widespread in the world, in cotton fabrics woven with handmade yarns was investigated. In this study, Eflani fabric, woven from 100% cotton yarn with olive leaves, was dyed with a total of 3 different mordant materials of 5 different concentrations. The light and wash fastnesses of the dyed samples were made and the color differences and color efficiencies were calculated and compared using the CIE L * a * b color space system. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method was used for the optimization of dyeing parameters. GRA, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, is an effective method that can be used in situations where there are more or less information and multiple criteria and decision making are complex. There are a total of 9 criteria to decide on the best dyeing together with the fading and staining process obtained from washing damage and with the fading value obtained from lightfastness and color yield. Thanks to the GRA method applied, the evaluation made according to 9 criteria gives us the optimum result. In this experimental study, the effects of 3 different mordant substances and mixtures used in dyeing cotton fabric with olive leaves on color difference and color efficiency were investigated, and it showed that the dyeing with citric acid mordant and using 10% mordant, which is the highest concentration, gave the best fastness values.

Novel method to pick P waves based on a grey rational analysis

In this study, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method is combined with artificial neural networks (ANN) model to create an automatic stock forecasting mechanism. In the proposed approach, the attributes of quarterly datum with the same category are gathered into a specific financial ratio by the GRA method. The categorical data is then input to an ANN model to forecast the future trends of the collected data over the next quarter or half-year period. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated using electronic stock data extracted from the financial database maintained by the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ). The hybrid forecasting model using five GRA methods and ANN model is employed to identify the feasibilities which achieve the criteria of predictive ability. Then, the predictive ability obtained using the proposed hybrid model are compared with those of a ANN prediction method reduced the attributes of forecast data by GM(1, N). It is found that the proposed method not only need a less number of neurons than the ANN combined with GM(1, N) method, but also has a greater forecasting accuracy.

Recruitment and personnel selection are affected by significant factors. Thus, personnel selection is one of the main decision-making problems for a company’s long-term survival. The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable candidate for the export department of a company operating in Mersin, using the Level Based Weight Assessment (LBWA)-based Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods. The criteria were determined based on the literature review and experts’ opinions. The weight of criteria was calculated by the LBWA method, and the alternatives (candidates) were ranked using the TOPSIS and GRA methods. The LBWA results showed that fluency in a foreign language and team player were the most and least important criteria, respectively. The results from both methods (TOPSIS and GRA) suggested different candidates for the relevant positions. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the validity and robustness of the results. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide valuable insights to decision-makers involved in the personnel selection process.

PurposeSelecting a suitable contract to outsource construction projects is an ongoing concern for project managers and organizational directors. This study aims to propose a comprehensive model to manage the risks of outsourced construction project contracts.Design/methodology/approachTo employ the proposed model, firstly, the types of contracts and risks in the organization should be identified, then, to prioritize the contracts, the identified risks are considered as criteria. After receiving the experts' opinions, the best–worst method (BWM) integrated with grey relation analysis (GRA) method was used to prioritize the contracts. BWM and GRA are multi-criteria decision-making methods with different approaches and applications. In the current study, BWM has been employed to calculate the weights of criteria because it has better performance than other methods such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). After calculating the weights of criteria, the GRA method has been utilized for ranking the alternatives.FindingsAccording to the results obtained from the case study, the cost plus award fee contract is the most suitable alternative for outsourcing construction projects. The proposed methodology can be practically applied through different types of the projects such as construction or “engineering, procurement and construction”.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a conceptual model has been proposed to select an appropriate contract for construction projects. Also, for the first time, the BWM integrated with GRA method has been used to prioritize project contracts based on the potential risks. The proposed model can contribute to project managers for selecting a suitable contract with the least risk in construction projects.

In recent years, cultural and creative industry park is becoming a kind of hot industry to promote industrial restructuring and to improve the quality of urban space. For this reason, cultural and creative industrial parks are planning to build across the country. Currently, cultural and creative industrial parks that develop better than others thank to the government’s overall planning, construction, marketing, and management. At the same time, the new cultural and creative industry parks face enormous challenges, such as how to have together the cultural and creative industries and related groups or how to have area cultural creativity. And it is frequently regarded as a multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) process. Thus, a novel MAGDM process is needed to tackle it. Depending on the conventional grey relational analysis (GRA) method and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), this paper designs a novel intuitive distance-based IF-GRA method for development potentiality evaluation of cultural and creative garden. First of all, some necessary theories related to IFSs are briefly reviewed. In addition, since subjective randomness frequently exists in determining criteria weights, the weights of criteria are decided objectively by utilizing the CRITIC method. Afterwards, relying on novel distance measures between IFSs, the GRA method is extended to the IFSs to calculate assessment score of each alternative. Eventually, an application about development potentiality evaluation of cultural and creative garden and some comparative analysis is given. The results think that the designed method is useful for development potentiality evaluation of cultural and creative garden.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a proposed project in the environment or an assessment of the potential impact of the project, including natural, social and economic aspects. EIA in more than half of the world's countries required in some form. EIAs than their original proponents expected had very little influence. This paper institutionalizes this disparity and provides methodological reasons and for more effective use of EIA in the future recommends ways. Extensive experience in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), As a future environmental management tool Its objectives extent to which this is achieved has generated considerable debate. It is measured in terms of EIA 'Performance', In particular, the discussion moves away from practical implementation issues, moving towards the most important Objectives of EIA and Its place in broader decision-making contexts. Relatively weak in planning decisions implemented by EIA Empirical studies have demonstrated the influence. The objective of this thesis is for solving Scale weights are about interval-valued GRA numbers MCDM problems with unknown information are an extension of the Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) method. Of the traditional GRA method basic idea, Determination of scale weights, basically some optimization models are established. Delhi, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep taken this alternative in this method and evaluation parameters is Terrestrial, Aquatic, Economics, Society, Culture, Air pollution, waterpollution, Soil pollution, noise pollution, solid waste pollution. Traditional from this analysis Basic idea of GRA method Determines the long-range solution from the short-range and negative-best solution, but the comparison of these distances is not considered significant. As a result, Delhi has been ranked first; Similarly, Ladakh is ranked low. This paper showing, Delhi highest pollution in India.

In this article, the grey relational analysis method was used to identity the key components of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix for cardioprotection by in vivo zebrafish models. 34 components with effect on cardioprotection were ranked by calculating grey relational grades. In addition, a comparison of grey relational analysis and correlation coefficient methods implies that the former is more reliable for this research.

Manufacturing Environment Production of one or more products Dedicated production lines to do or areas. Convenience stores stock items that can manufacture or have them made to order, only if requested by the buyer. The objective of this thesis Finding the best cleaning location Manufacturing Environment or Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) method showing. GRA (Gray Relational Analysis) Method, Cincinnati Milagron T3-726, Cybotech V15 Electric Robot, Hitachi America Process Robot, Unimation PUMA 500/600, United States Robots Maker 110 Alternatives or Load Capacity, Computational Steps for Solving Repeatable Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Problems Node Speed, Memory Capacity, the evaluation parameters reached by the handler The United States Robots Maker 110is got the first rank whereas the Hitachi America Process Robot is having the lowest rank. In this paper Manufacturing Environment United States Robots Maker 110is got the first rank whereas the Hitachi America Process Robot is having the lowest rank

Air transport is an essential part of the transportation sector to provide speed, reliability and economic advantage. It is possible to say that; companies operating in the aviation sector have a financially fragile structure. There are many airline companies in the aviation sector in the world and Turkey. In this study five airline companies from EU member states and Turkey, including Turkish Airlines (THY), British Airways, Air France KLM, Lufthansa and Ryanair’s financial performance in the 2012-2018 period were evaluated. To determine the importance of the financial criteria, which were determined according to the literature, eight different expert opinions were taken and the weights of the criteria were determined according to expert’s opinions with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. The financial performance rankings of the companies were realized with the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method. When looking at the analysis results of 2018, the company with the best financial performance was determined as THY. It is followed by Air France KLM, British Airways, Ryanair and Lufthansa, respectively. In the study, the Spearman correlation method was applied to the financial performance rankings determined by the GRA. The rankings were interpreted statistically, and Kendall's Tau correlation test was applied to examine the relationship between the number of flight destinations and the financial performance rankings of airline companies.