Modification of Carbon Paste Electrode Using Calyx[6]Arene-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Determination of Cu2+ ion Based on Cyclic Voltammetry

Abstract

In the present study, an electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solutions was introduced. This study proposes an electrochemical method using the calyx [6]arene-TiO2 nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode (calyx[6]arene-TiO2/CPE) for the determination of metal Cu2+ ion. Calyx[6]arene-TiO2 were synthesized using the hydrolysis method as the Cu-binding ionophore. The electrode surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the reduction and oxidation processes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The effect of modifier composition, scan rate, variation concentration, repeatability, and type of supporting electrolyte on the determination of metal ions was investigated. The best composition was 0.005 g calyx[6]arene-TiO2 in the carbon paste electrode with a scan rate of 0.5 V/s. The modified electrodes showed good performance for Cu2+ ion detection. Under optimum experimental conditions, a linear range for metal Cu(II) ions was from 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 ppm with respective currents of 500, 550, 600, 700, and 800 µA. The limit of detection (LOD) for metal Cu2+ ions is found to be 0.022 ppm with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 0.011%.