Abstract
The study shows that multiaxial deformation (MAD) treatment leads to grain refinement in magnesium alloy WE43. Compared to the initial state, the MAD-processed alloy exhibited smoother biocorrosion dynamics in a fetal bovine serum and in a complete cell growth medium. Examination by microCT demonstrated retardation of the decline in the alloy volume and the Hounsfield unit values. An attendant reduction in the rate of accumulation of the biodegradation products in the immersion medium, a less pronounced alkalization, and inhibited sedimentation of biodegradation products on the surface of the alloy were observed after MAD. These effects were accompanied with an increase in the osteogenic mesenchymal stromal cell viability on the alloy surface and in a medium containing their extracts. It is expected that the more orderly dynamics of biodegradation of the WE43 alloy after MAD and the stimulation of cell colonization will effectively promote stable osteosynthesis, making repeat implant extraction surgeries unnecessary.
Highlights
The development of biodegradable implants for clinical practice is a pressing task of modern medicine
In an earlier study [12], we showed that the mechanical treatment of homogenized WE43 by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), rotary swaging (RS), and multiaxial deformation (MAD) significantly improved the mechanical properties of the initial alloy, enhanced its biocompatibility, and reduced the rate of biodegradation both in vitro and in vivo
Elemental scanning showed that some of these precipitates are rich in yttrium, while others are rich in neodymium
Summary
The development of biodegradable implants for clinical practice is a pressing task of modern medicine. Traditional biodegradable submersible medical devices for osteosynthesis have been successfully used in bone reconstruction with low or moderate stress. One should not overlook further benefits of the use of bioresorbable implants over traditional devices based on titanium alloys, such as a higher radio transparency and a lower mechanical load during their service life. The implants based on biodegradable materials gradually transfer the load onto the remodeled bone as they degrade [4]. For use in biodegradable medical devices, polymers, ceramics, or biodegradable alloys are considered. Several complications inhibit their implementation in biomedical products, . These include their usually low mechanical strength and instability, tardy or excessively rapid biodegradation, and insufficient biocompatibility. The difficulties are compounded by the limited availability of bioresorbable materials approved for clinical use [5,6]
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