Abstract
An existing cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) that was initially equipped with eight channeltrons detectors has been modified to install large micro-channel plate detectors to perform parallel detection of electrons on an energy range corresponding to ~12% of the mean pass energy. This analyzer is dedicated to photoelectron spectroscopy of ions ionized by synchrotron radiation. The overall detection efficiency is increased by a factor of ~20 compared to the original analyzer. A proof of principle of the efficiency of the analyzer has been done for Xe5+ and Si+ ions and will allow photoelectron spectroscopy on many other ionic species.
Highlights
Photoionization of atomic ions is a major importance to understand laser-produced laboratory and astrophysical plasmas (OPACITY and IRON projects [1,2])
We can see on this spectra that the preferential correspond to an Auger decay with a spectator 3d electron leading to Si2+ 3s3d 3 D.2+This dominant decay channel correspond to an Auger decay with a spectator 3d electron leading to Si 3s3d 3D
We have proved by the present results on a few examples that the concept of parallel energy detection with a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) analyzer is a very good option the optimal focusing is not achieved for all electron energies
Summary
Photoionization of atomic ions is a major importance to understand laser-produced laboratory and astrophysical plasmas (OPACITY and IRON projects [1,2]). Using 4π detection analyzers as magnetic-bottle electron spectrometers could appear as a possible option, but the Doppler-shift with ion velocity of the electron spectra becomes a real limitation [10] to perform electron spectroscopy with acceptable resolution. While it could be possible to use zero-degree electron spectroscopy [11,12,13] to limit the Doppler broadening, it seems that this possibility was never explored on synchrotron centers All these difficulties explain why experiments reporting electron spectroscopy with ion beams are scarce. If necessary, how difficult electron spectroscopy with ion targets may be These recent results [19,20] are encouraging, with third-generation synchrotron sources, the electron count rates remain very small for most of the ions to study even when the photon energy is tuned on a resonance. Long accumulation times are necessary that are not always compatible with the time allocated to a given experiment on the synchrotron (typically one or two weeks continuously)
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