Abstract
This article discusses the extensive research that has been conducted on the use of mutualistic bacterial and fungal endophytes for the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. This review deals in particular with the modes of action of multitrophic interactions involving endophytic bacteria or fungi that have biological control activity towards the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, on tomato or potato. The bacterial and fungal endophytes discussed here are those that: (1) have the ability to colonise the endorhiza at some point in their life-cycle; (2) can grow saprophytically in the soil or in the rhizosphere; and (3) have plant health promoting activity and antagonistic activity towards sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes.
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