Abstract
The paper deals with the overview of different designs of hybrid excited electrical machines, i.e., those with conventional permanent magnets excitation and additional DC-powered electromagnetic systems in the excitation circuit. The paper presents the most common topologies for this type of machines found in the literature—they were divided according to their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Against this background, the designs of hybrid excited machines that were the subject of scientific research of the authors are presented.
Highlights
Permanent magnets excited electrical machines, and in particular, hybrid excited, play nowadays an increasingly important role mainly due to their high efficiency and relatively high power-to-weight ratio
The idea of hybrid excitation of electrical machines comes from so-called controlled magnets which were initially used in different levitation systems and magnetic bearings [9,10,11,12,13]
The obtained results and finite element element method (FEM) analyzes show that, in the case of the HEPM machine, flux regulation and operation in a wide speed range can be realized, and the electrical parameters can be improved compared to the original IPMSM, which could verify the theoretical analysis presented above, expand the method of designing permanent magnet machines and control strategy and provide a reference to the design of machines with hybrid excitation of permanent magnets
Summary
Permanent magnets excited electrical machines, and in particular, hybrid excited, play nowadays an increasingly important role mainly due to their high efficiency and relatively high power-to-weight ratio. Due to the constant flux of excitation from permanent magnets, to enable the motor to operate in the high-speed area—switching from constant torque to constant power characteristics—it is necessary to apply the d-axis current strategy [7] This strategy is effective, but only to a limited extent. Field weakening can lead to permanent damage to the magnets, and generates additional losses Another area by which electric machines, that can operate in a wide range of rotational speeds can be used, is wind energy that the electrical power that a wind turbine can generate depends on the Energies 2020, 13, 5910; doi:10.3390/en13225910 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. In the above-mentioned areas (electric vehicle drives and generators in wind turbines), i.e., where it is necessary to regulate the excitation, rotational speed, induced voltage in the widest possible range and the efficiency of energy conversion is important, electric machines with hybrid excitation can be successfully used.
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