Modern companies through the prism of a modern security concept

Security culture in contemporary understanding of security

On May 12, 2002, Women’s Learning Partnership for Rights, Development, and Peace (WLP), an international nongovernmental organization dedicated to empowering women living in the global South, organized a conversation to map out an approach to a definition of the concept of human security. The participants— Mahnaz Afkhami (Iran/U.S.), Kumi Naidoo (South Africa), Jacqueline Pitanguy (Brazil), and Aruna Rao (India), co-chair and commissioners of the Commission on Globalization*—discussed the concept of human security in order to identify the parameters as well as the limits of the traditional definition of human security, and to broaden it to encompass a wider spectrum of both human material and spiritual needs. The participants agreed to base their discussion on a value system that puts people’s welfare at the center; emphasizes power sharing at all levels; and promotes an economic framework that encourages sustainable development, social justice, human rights, gender equality, and democracy. The conversation is a prelude to organizing a policy action group on human security with the support of the WLP and the Commission on Globalization. Mahnaz Afkhami: It might be appropriate to begin with some reflections on the concept of human security and how our own work is related to our definition. In my view, the traditional definition of “human security” is unsatisfactory since it has been tied too closely to conflict on an international or national scale, and SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Fall 2002) Human Security: A Conversation *Organizational affiliations appear on the inside back cover. This dialogue among steering committee members of the Commission on Globalization’s Human Security Policy Action Group (www.commissiononglobalization.org) took place on May 15, 2002, at the Women’s Learning Partnership (www.learningpartnership.org). limited in focus to anti-military, anti-nuclear, anti-landmine struggles and movements. To come to the essential idea of what makes the individual human being feel secure, we ought to look to a more comprehensive, more inclusive, more interconnected series of ideas—“human rights writ large.” Jacqueline Pitanguy: I agree that we need to adopt a more comprehensive perspective of human security and I believe that this concept should be framed under the human rights paradigm, which provides the ground, the base, from which human security stems. If we adopt this more comprehensive approach, human security goes beyond the right to live free from violence and coercion and encompass other dimensions of life, such as the right to exercise civil , political, and reproductive rights; to have access to food, sanitation , education, and health; to be free from discrimination based on sex, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, or religion ; to live in a safe environment, including a safe domestic environment . In the twentieth century there has been an important enlargement of the conceptualization of human rights and its indivisibility , which affects the idea of human security. In more formal language, security is closely related to the frontiers of order and disorder, crime and punishment, danger and safety. These frontiers are being expanded and redefined through social activism and political action, bringing us to a new concept of security. Kumi Naidoo: I agree with the two comments that were just made. However, I think that the real challenge to thinking through the usefulness of the concept of human security in practice is keeping it from becoming what our American colleagues would call “motherhood and apple pie”: all things to all people. There is a danger of the concept becoming so inclusive that we don’t know where it starts, much less where it ends. When we think about the strategic arena of intervention to advance human security, different choices have to be made about interventions called for by government , business, and civil society. 658 SOCIAL RESEARCH If we look, for example, at the position of the members of the global commission on human security, they come from humanitarian backgrounds and they have a great deal of influence, which they focus on what might be called emergency or unexpected events: earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters, as well as potentially the current religious conflict in the state of Gujarat in India, for example. But I am contradicting myself a little bit here, in the...

The paper offers an insight in the influence of international security actors on the security of the countries of the Western Balkans, based on the 'changing nature of threat', that, instead of the threat of conventional armed conflict, emerge through economic and social inequalities, cross-border and organized crime, international terrorism, hazardous environmental degradation, as well as natural disasters. New security threats have led to some changes in the approach to the security maintenance, which has led the UN, NATO, and EU, as the most influential international security actors, to acquire common perspective of that the Euro-Atlantic security is indivisible and that freedom, democracy, human rights and liberal economies are shared values and common interests. It is exactly that such considerations have led to the development of different concepts of security, which can be classified into three major groups: the concept of collective security, the concept of security cooperation, and the concept of collective defense. Contemporary challenges, risks and threats call for an understanding of the new place and role of the Western Balkans, primarily Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Serbia, and Montenegro, in the context of international integration processes. The problem of inclusion of the mentioned Western Balkan countries into the Euro-Atlantic integrations has been a topic of many economic, political, social, military, and other debates at different levels and with different perspectives of this matter, but their deeper analysis shows that there is no unified position on the mode of inclusion into the integration processes. The first part of the paper looks at the aspect of contemporary international relations and their impact on national security of the Western Balkan countries, and the second part presents possible impact of these countries' security integrations into international security organizations on their respective national security systems.

Reimagining health preparedness in the aftermath of COVID-19

The purpose of the article is the study of the essence, objectives and methodological approaches to the organization of scientific research in the system of financial and economic security. Methodology. The scientific works of scientists in the organization of scientific research of financial and economic security are the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. In order to achieve the established goal of the article, the following research methods were used: theoretical generalization – the essence, the system of indicators for assessing financial and economic security; methods of positive and normative analysis – for the development of recommendations for improving the organization of research in the system of financial and economic security. Results. The essence of the definition of financial and economic security system has been investigated. The absence of a singular approach to defining the essence of the concept of financial and economic security among domestic scientists has been determined. The difference in approaches of domestic scientists to the financial and economic security have been proven. The following approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of economic security of the enterprise have been outlined as protection against: unauthorized access to information; methods of unlawful competition, threats. Also, the economic security of the enterprise is distinguished as a state of stability or equilibrium or efficient use of its resources. Some define economic security as dependent on the harmonization of interests. A system of indicators characterizing the state of financial and economic security and meeting such requirements is presented: are easy to calculate and understand; substantial and meaningful; based on current accounting and statistical reporting; operational for appropriate response to the state of financial security; characterize the qualitative and quantitative state in statics and dynamics. In the process of conducting scientific and economic research is described as task-solving. The mechanism of economic security management is revealed. Among the main methods of assessing the system of financial and economic security the following are determined: peer review, regression and analysis of variance, regression method and the method of exponential smoothing methods fuzzy systems, cluster and discriminant analysis. Systematization of methodological approaches to the organization of scientific research in the system of financial and economic security has shown that they are defined in terms of resource (investment) system, infrastructure (cluster) and process approaches. Practical significance. The research of essence, tasks and methodical approaches of the organization of scientific researches in the system of financial and economic safety which can be used by applicants and scientists and pedagogical workers of higher education is resulted. Prospects for further research. Formation of the organization of scientific research in systems of financial and economic safety.

Facing Global Environmental Change

The article studies the scientific and practical aspects of the development and management of the system of economic security of the enterprise based on innovative digital technologies. The relevance of the topic of the study is due to the fact that in modern conditions of digitalization of all areas of activity, development and functioning of the enterprise itself, processes and work of all functional subsystems of the enterprise, including organizational and managerial, logistics, operational, production, marketing and security, is carried out using digital technologies. Technologies act as a means of performing tasks, activities, actions with the use of software, machinery, equipment, as a technical and technological basis due to which activities are carried out. That is why the study of scientific and practical aspects of the development and management of the system of economic security of an enterprise based on the use of innovative digital technologies has an important role and importance. The article is aimed at studying the scientific and practical aspects of building and managing the system of economic security of an enterprise based on innovative digital technologies. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of scientific cognition: analysis and synthesis, system approach, structural, process, complex, functional scientific approaches. The obtained scientific results consist in structuring the elements of management of the system of economic security of the enterprise, which is a complex of components and elements that are interconnected and interact with each other and provide planning and implementation of strategic, tactical, operational actions and measures in order to protect the enterprise from external and internal threats, and to ensure the stability of the enterprise to the impact of negative factors, stability of functioning and further Development. The components of the system of economic security of enterprises are structured, which include subjects and objects of management; security concept; Strategy; Functions; Principles; components of the economic security system; a management mechanism that includes management methods, tools and technologies, including digital technologies, as well as a set of resources necessary for the implementation of actions and measures with the active use of innovative digital technologies. Prospects for further research are the need for a more detailed study of the formation of an effective management mechanism in the system of economic security of an enterprise, based on the widespread use of modern tools and means of innovative digital management technologies, which will ensure the effectiveness of planning and implementation of security actions with less expenditure of resources and growth of financial and economic results of functioning in the conditions of modern challenges and Threats.

In the study we tested the analysis of modern data on cyber security in Ukraine, we highlighted the main aspects of the regulatory and legal support of the national information security. Identified key reported measures to counteract threats to state information security in the whole and in each individual type and the lack of practical implementation these activities. Found, that at the legislative level had been adopted only two documents on cyber security: Law of Ukraine on "Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine", and the Decree of the President of Ukraine 47/2017 of February 25, 2017 about des approved the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine. In these documents cyber security is given priority in the security system. Determined the main problems of ensuring the cyber security: ineffective regulatory and legal support and system of governance; the lack unified strategy of cyber security; low level of government management in cyber defense; temporal inconsistence of state regulation in information area and development of a legal system for the regulation in protection of critical infrastructure seams; the lack of transactional approach to the state cyber security governance by the state part; no requirement for security system(SIS); employment outdated standards. Offered the replacement of technical security information documents (TS ID), more effective and modern basic standards, establish industry standards for information security system (ISS). Amend the Law of Ukraine "Information security and telecommunication system" and provide a new approach of the method for confirming compliance of information system of information security requirements by establishing criteria for compliance; conduct regular audits to ensure compliance with the requirements and proper functioning of the security management process; conduct proven system of security information.

Background/Objectives: The objectives of this research are to examine the factors influencing the growth sustainability of startups by strengthening security awareness of SME managers and employees and to derive improvement measures.Methods/Statistical Analysis: The research targets include current consultants who are currently conducting consulting and students and graduates of consulting graduate school. Data was collected through a questionnaire. A total of 35 items were measured, including 5 items of general characteristics and 30 items of measurement variables on the Likert 5-point scale. Data analysis used SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0. In addition, frequency analysis, factor analysis, feasibility analysis, and multiple regression analysis were mainly used.Findings: This research is an empirical proof analysis of the impact of SMEs’ security culture formation on the security system and sustainable growth. We then performed an analysis of the effectiveness of the security system.Empirical analysis shows that SMEs’ employee security training, entrepreneur security awareness, company strategy, security system, reduction of security accident frequency, and reduction of security accident cost measurement variables were correlated with each other. Multiple regression has shown that security culture formation had a statistically significant effect on the security system and sustainable growth. The results of the effectiveness analysis also showed that the security system mediated the impact of employee security training on the decrease of security accident frequency and redirection of security accident cost. However, it was found that entrepreneur security awareness and company strategy had no mediating effect.Improvements/Applications: It is important to build a security system by reinforcing employees’ security awareness for the continued growth of the company. Research is needed to improve the security system.KeywordsCorporate startupCorporate sustainable growthSecurity awarenessTechnology leakageChasmSecurity system

The concept of security has expanded beyond the framework of military-political responses. A new paradigm has been established that closely links the concept of security to the risks and challenges arising from dangers such as migration, terrorism, outbreaks of infectious diseases, natural and technological accidents and disasters, organized crime, drug trafficking, climate change, cyber security, etc. New challenges require new security policies and systems that must provide early warning and preventive response capabilities. In modern day society there is more and more uncertainty and unpredictability that affect efficiency in the field of security management. Management models are no longer organized only on the basis of the capacities of the state and the national security system; partnership platforms are being developed between the state, society and individuals for the purpose of implementing preventive activities and creating the resilience of a society.

It is argued that the environment can now be considered a security issue because of the increasingly unsustainable features of modern development. The concept of security is evolving to embrace interlocking elements of military security, humanitarian security, economic security and environmental security. The fact that many Navies of the world often find themselves deployed on humanitarian assistance, disaster relief or fisheries protection reflects the changing concept of security within the coastal zone. Environmental security is described as the capability to protect communities and their natural environments from threats of: (1) environmental asset scarcity arising through environmental degradation or depletion, (2) environmental risks arising from natural hazards or technological disasters and, (3) environment related tensions and conflicts. Threats may include, but not be restricted to, emergencies arising from natural disasters (tsunami, earthquake, extreme weather, coastal flooding, landslide, erosion) major accidents (oil spill, ship casualty), illegal discharges and bilge dumping, illegal fishing, trafficking (people, endangered species, waste, drugs and contraband), and robbery at sea, piracy or civil unrest. Notwithstanding what have been termed ‘creeping disasters’, namely sea level rise and drought. When considering how we protect communities against environmental risk we should first recognize that the impact of hazards is often unique to the locations at which they occur. Secondly we should acknowledge that we are unlikely to be able to accurately predict the probability of a disaster occurring at any particular place or time. Therefore * BMT Asia Pacific (Singapore) vulnerability assessments are proposed as being an essential tool for communities to exploit in developing capacity to mitigate and recover from the impact of disasters. It is proposed that the spatial analysis of vulnerability will reveal a communities natural resilience to disaster and allow them to exploit early warning systems through efficient mitigation of a range of threats. Vulnerability mapping may be coupled with routine surveillance using Earth Observation (EO) to strengthen early warning systems within the coastal zone. For remote sensing to be fully exploited in protecting communities a thorough examination of the information available from EO data is required in relation to disaster risk. Firstly, indicators need to be developed that describe the social, economic and environmental assets (quality of life capital) and infrastructure at risk within a community. Secondly, indicators need to be developed from EO data to describe the vulnerability and resilience of each asset to disaster risk. This would allow a mosaic of assets to be built that describe a communities overall resilience to hazards (e.g. coastal flooding, mudslides or the threat of oil spill from major accidents). Finally, coastal surveillance and information dissemination infrastructures need to be commissioned for the routine surveillance of threats, early warning and historical analysis of coastal hazards. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY Responses to the Issue of Environmental Security The vision of sustainable coastal communities and the achievement of the millennium development goals are undermined by the threat of illegal or negligent human activity and natural disasters. Environmental crimes and environmental emergencies or catastrophes are increasingly being recognized as breaches of environmental security. Causes may © IPA, 2011 30th Annual Convention Proceedings (Volume 2), 2005

The development of the modern world community is closely related to advances in computing resources and cyberspace. The formation and expansion of the range of services is based on the achievements of mankind in the field of high technologies. However, the rapid growth of computing resources, the emergence of a full-scale quantum computer tightens the requirements for security systems not only for information and communication systems, but also for cyber-physical systems and technologies. The methodological foundations of building security systems for critical infrastructure facilities based on modeling the processes of behavior of antagonistic agents in security systems are discussed in the first chapter. The concept of information security in social networks, based on mathematical models of data protection, taking into account the influence of specific parameters of the social network, the effects on the network are proposed in second chapter. The nonlinear relationships of the parameters of the defense system, attacks, social networks, as well as the influence of individual characteristics of users and the nature of the relationships between them, takes into account. In the third section, practical aspects of the methodology for constructing post-quantum algorithms for asymmetric McEliece and Niederreiter cryptosystems on algebraic codes (elliptic and modified elliptic codes), their mathematical models and practical algorithms are considered. Hybrid crypto-code constructions of McEliece and Niederreiter on defective codes are proposed. They can significantly reduce the energy costs for implementation, while ensuring the required level of cryptographic strength of the system as a whole. The concept of security of corporate information and educational systems based on the construction of an adaptive information security system is proposed.

Implementing measures to increase the economic security of strategically essential branches of the national economy is necessary to support the stability of regions and the national economy. Management at all levels should contribute to preventing the occurrence of critical externalities in the macroeconomic environment that can lead to negative consequences in the context of ensuring the country's socio-economic development. The fundamental nature of achieving a high level of long-term economic security is identifying key determinants capable of identifying and eliminating potential threats. It is essential to emphasize the need to support the country's food security and the conceptual provisions that must be reviewed concerning global processes such as food embargo, geopolitical confrontation, etc. Modern agriculture is in a difficult situation, and the economic condition of the entire agro-industrial complex requires the search for solutions to the problems of permanent development of each enterprise, considering the development of long-term economic security. Searching for ways to form more favorable ways of functioning is a strategic direction of economic policy at all levels of management. It requires several global measures to support agribusiness enterprises' current, medium-term, and long-term efficiency. Economic security of the agricultural sector as an economic category has a complex multi-level system structure: food; ecological safety; biological (resource); financial and credit; social; inventory management; social indicators; insurance provision; state regulation; agricultural cooperation; monitoring; agricultural information; agriculture and animal husbandry; cars; population employment; trade; wholesale food markets; scientific support. The system of full-fledged economic security of enterprises of the agrarian sector involves the development of its effective organizational and functional structure, which may include the scientific theory of economic security of the agrarian sector, the concept of food security, food policy, state, and public institutions that ensure economic security, organizational and economic mechanism, indicators and indicators of economic security, monitoring of the actual state of economic security of the agrarian sector.

Human error is one of the most common causes of vul- nerability in a secure system. However it is often overlooked when these systems are tested, partly because human tests are costly and very hard to repeat. We have developed a community of agents that test secure systems by running standard windows software while performing collaborative group tasks, mimicking more realistic patterns of communication and traffic, as well as human fatigue and errors. This system is being deployed on a large cyber testing range. One key attribute of humans is flexibility of response in order to achieve their goals when unexpected events occur. Our agents use reactive planning within a BDI architecture to flexibly replan if needed. Since the agents are goal-oriented, we are able to measure the impact of cyber attacks on mission accomplishment, a more salient measure of protection than raw penetration. We show experimentally how the agent teams can be resilient under attacks that are partly successful, and also how an organizational structure can lead to emergent properties of the traffic in the network.

18 - Security Design Process