Abstract
Models of geomorphometric parameters and drainage networks are widely used in many scientific and civilian branches and activities. They are created using the Earth’s land surface data, which are today mostly represented by digital elevation models (DEMs). The main objective of this study is to create models of slope, aspect, and drainage networks for the first time for the entire continental part of the Republic of Croatia, using the most detailed DEMs. In this paper, developed models are described, compared, and analysed, giving insights into morphological characteristics and structures of topographic surface. The quality of the derived models has been validated using existing independent data. Furthermore, because models were derived using various global DEMs, the differences between output models have been addressed and studied. Drainage network models were further analysed depending on several available computation algorithms (single and multiple flow direction) and threshold values. The analysis of the sensitivity and influence of input parameters and models on output models has been assessed in order to create reliable drainage network models for the future for other local or regional areas. Modeli geomorfometrijskih parametara i drenažne mreže imaju siroku primjenu u mnogim znanstvenim i civilnim granama i aktivnostima. Izrađuju se iz podataka o Zemljinoj povrsini koji su najcesce objavljeni u obliku digitalnih modela reljefa (DMR). Glavni je cilj ovoga rada izraditi modele nagiba, smjera nagiba i drenažnih mreža za kontinentalno podrucje Republike Hrvatske koristenjem najdetaljnijega globalnog digitalnog modela reljefa. Izrađeni modeli su opisani, uspoređeni i analizirani te daju uvid u morfoloske oblike i strukture topografske povrsine. Kvaliteta modela provjerena je na postojecim neovisnim podacima. Osim toga, s obzirom na to da su modeli izrađeni koristenjem razlicitih globalnih digitalnih modela reljefa, analizirane su razlike između izlaznih modela. Modeli drenažne mreže dodatno su analizirani ovisno o koristenim algoritmima (jednosmjerni i visesmjerni protok) i granicnim vrijednostima. Analiza osjetljivosti i utjecaja ulaznih parametara i modela na izrađene modele bit ce korisna za izradu pouzdanijih buducih modela drenažnih mreža za druga lokalna i regionalna podrucja.
Highlights
A drainage network is a network of channels and drains of all drainage basins of an area
All geomorphometric parameters relate to the morphology of land surface, not all of them can be derived from a DEM without any additional information
Two slope models derived from SRTM3 and SRTM30 DEMs are shown and compared on Fig. 2
Summary
Geomorphometry is scientific branch related to the quantitative land-surface analysis. It is an interdisciplinary branch that combines various mathematical, statistical, and image processing techniques, which can be used to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological, and other aspects of land surface (Pahernik and Kereša, 2007; Pike et al, 2008). Drainage networks and the associated channel links and drainage basins are fundamental concepts in Earth sciences. A drainage network is a network of channels and drains of all drainage basins of an area. Fluvial processes act to transport water and sediments out of a local region (O‘Callaghan and Mark, 1984). The drainage basin is the area of land that drains water, sediments, and other materials towards a stream segment. Due to the widespread terminology, the term stream segment is used instead of the term network channel (USDA, 2010). Drainage basins connect to other drainage basins at lower elevations (Martz and Garbrecht, 1993; EEA Glossary, 2017; Monde Geospatial, 2017)
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