Abstract
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) bring advanced applications that provide innovative services for various transportation modes in the area of traffic control, and enable better awareness for different users. Communication connections between intelligent vehicles with the use of wireless communication standards, so called Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), require ensuring verification of validity of provided services as well as services related to transmission confidentiality and integrity. The goal of this paper is to analyze secure mechanisms utilised in VANET communication within Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) with a focus on safety critical applications. The practical part of the contribution is dedicated to modelling of security properties of VANET networks via OPNET Modeler tool extended by the implementation of the OpenSSL library for authentication protocol realisation based on digital signature schemes. The designed models simulate a transmission of authorised alert messages in Car-to-Car communication for several traffic scenarios with recommended Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES). The obtained results of the throughput and delay in the simulated network are compared for secured and no-secured communications in dependence on the selected digital signature schemes and the number of mobile nodes. The OpenSSL library has also been utilised for the comparison of time demandingness of digital signature schemes based on RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman), DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) and ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) for different key-lengths suitable for real time VANET communications for safety-critical applications of C-ITS.
Highlights
Traffic control under its constantly growing volume cannot get along without the support of information and communication technologies provided by the Intelligent Transportation Systems [1]
The authors in parallel performed a comparison of time demandingness of ECDSA scheme generation and verification in dependence on key length on simulated On Board Unit (OBU) units
We focused on the ECDSA digital signatures with key length 160, 192, 224, 256, 384 and 521 bits for several types of elliptic curves (EC) on the base prime field, binary Koblitz curve and pseudorandom curves
Summary
Traffic control under its constantly growing volume cannot get along without the support of information and communication technologies provided by the Intelligent Transportation Systems [1]. A significant role is played by the development of a new generation of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems which, together with wireless communication infrastructure, provides important information directly to a driver in a moving vehicle [2]. Vehicles communicate with each other and with static units located along infrastructure by broadcasting critical and non-critical messages. These messages can contain information e.g. about location of vehicles, their speed and the information about unusual events on the road
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