Abstract
Geological storage of carbon dioxide represents a viable solution to reduce the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Romania has initiatives to build a large-scale integrated CO2 capture and storage demonstration project and find suitable on-shore and off-shore CO2 storage locations. Numerical simulators are essential tools helping the design process. These simulators are required to be capable to represent the complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical and biological phenomena accompanying the geological CO2 storage such as, multi-phase flow, compositional effects due to dissolution of CO2 into the brine, non-isothermal effects due to cold CO2 injection, geomechanical effects, mineralization at the reservoir-scale. These processes can be simulated accurately and efficiently with DuMux (www.dumux.org), a free- and open-source simulator. This article presents and reviews briefly these mathematical and numerical models.
Highlights
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has been proposed by United Nations beginning with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the most recent Paris Agreement negotiated in 2015 Climate Change Conference
For CO2 storage in porous media the relevant processes can be described by the multiphase flow in porous media equations, the multiphase multicomponent balance equations, the non-isothermal multiphase flow and non-isothermal multi-phase multi-component equations, and by hydrogeomechanical equations when accounting for the deformations of the porous media
We provide a summary of the key peer-reviewed articles using DuMux for simulating geological storage of CO2
Summary
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has been proposed by United Nations beginning with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the most recent Paris Agreement negotiated in 2015 Climate Change Conference. Among the technologies able to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geological formations represents most viable option for storage [1]–[4]. The geological CO2 storage can be done in depleted oil/gas fields, coal seams, salt caverns, or in deep saline formations below 800 meters, which have the highest estimated storage capacity of more than 1000 Gt [2]. Current state of the art of CCS is at a stage where the transition from pilot to large(industrial-) scale projects is required. Another technology to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is the Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). We do not present any modelling results of potential storage sites but refer the reader to the literature sources where such studies have already been conducted at field and regional scales
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