Abstract
The settling behaviour in zone settling depends on the characteristics of the suspension, initial suspended solids concentration, etc. To study the effects of the nature of the suspended material present in the waters and the initial suspended solids concentrations, etc., on the zone settling, batch settling tests were conducted for the various types of suspended materials such as ferric hydroxide flocs, aluminium hydroxide flocs, calcium carbonate, bentonite and grey soil, present in different initial suspended solid concentrations. The test results have been utilized to develop a model for predicting the thickener area for any given initial suspended solids concentration and specific gravity (indicating in some form, the characteristics of the suspended material present in the waters) and for a desired underflow sludge concentration. The evolved predictive model would eliminate the need for conducting enormous and tiring settling tests and graphical analyses which are necessary to fix the thickener area under the existing methodology.
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