Abstract
The advances in computational fluid dynamics have made numerical modeling a reliable complementary tool to the traditional physical modeling in the study of the wave overtopping phenomenon. This paper addresses overtopping on a seawall by combining the numerical models XBeach (non-hydrostatic and Surfbeat modes) and IH2VOF, and the Mase formulas. This work is structured in two phases: (i) phase I assesses the performance of numerical models and formulas in modeling wave run-up and overtopping on a seawall for a solid profile bottom and representative hydro-morphologic conditions of a study site in the Portuguese west coast; (ii) phase II investigates the effect of the profile bottom variation in the overtopping phenomenon for extreme maritime storm field conditions of the study site, considering a solid bottom and a varying sandy bottom. The results indicate that XBeach underestimates the wave energy, and the frequency and intensity of the overtopping occurrences predicted by IH2VOF; the numerical models’ run-up and overtopping discharge predictions are overestimated by the Mase formulas, in simplified and in storm field conditions; and the variation of the bottom morphology throughout the storm event greatly influences the XBeach predictions, while the Mase results are mostly influenced by the bottom roughness.
Highlights
The coastal region, as a critical resource for human activity, endures an ever-increasing land use pressure
A real storm event with synoptic wave and sea level conditions (96-h series) was considered as the hydrodynamic forcing, and the same initial beach profile was considered in two cases: case II.SP—solid bottom profile, where the profile bottom was kept steady throughout the storm event; and case II.VP—varying sandy bottom, where the XBeach Surfbeat model was applied to calculate the sandy beach profile update after each 24-h period of the storm induced morphological evolution, results that were used sequentially as input for the XBeach Non-hydrostatic model and the Mase formulas
In the case designed for the non-occurrence of overtopping, the surface elevation η and the wave run-up time series obtained using XBeach and IH2VOF were analyzed and the run-up statistical parameters were computed and analyzed for both models and the Mase formulas
Summary
The coastal region, as a critical resource for human activity, endures an ever-increasing land use pressure. Many populations are exposed to coastal erosion, wave attack, and flooding, and rely on the performance of coastal defense structures for protection These hazards tend to aggravate due to the climate change induced sea level rise and expected increase of maritime storm frequency and intensity [1]. Numerical modeling is nowadays essential to predict the complex hydrodynamic and morphological behavior of the nearshore and improve the effectiveness of coastal protection solutions. These models can be used as predictive tools in the scope of coastal management, to reduce the negative consequences of erosion, overtopping and overwash, and assess hotspots that need improvements regarding coastal defense interventions [2].
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