Abstract
Polymers of two-way shape memory effects (SMEs) are of great application potential ranging from intelligent actuators to artificial muscles due to their reversible shape response on the basis of an on-off stimulus such as a cooling-heating cycle, which motivates the development of theoretical tools to support their design. In the paper, a three-dimensional phase transition finite deformation constitutive model is proposed to phenomenologically describe the underlying mechanisms of the one-way and two-way SMEs in thermal-responsive semi-crystalline polymers. A unified transition equation is proposed to depict the volume changes of crystalline phase during both crystallization and melting transitions. The crystallization-induced elongation and melting-induced contraction behaviours in two-way SMEs are assumed to be realized by an elongation-contraction element and its temperature-dependent strain evolution rules. The overall constitutive model is then implemented into Mathematica, and the model predictions are compared to and agree well with the experimental results. The paper provides an efficient method on modeling the thermal-induced two-way SMEs under stress conditions in semi-crystalline polymers and detailed discussion about the influence of several parameters such as the crosslinking density, the applied external load and the cooling/heating rate.
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