Abstract
The leaf angle between stem and sheath (SSA) is an important rice morphological trait. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a dynamic SSA model under different nitrogen (N) rates for selected rice cultivars. The time-course data of SSA were collected in three years, and a dynamic SSA model was developed for different main stem leaf ranks under different N rates for two selected rice cultivars. SSA increased with tiller age. The SSA of the same leaf rank increased with increase in N rate. The maximum SSA increased with leaf rank from the first to the third leaf, then decreased from the third to the final leaf. The relationship between the maximum SSA and leaf rank on main stem could be described with a linear piecewise function. The change of SSA with thermal time (TT) was described by a logistic equation. A variety parameter (the maximum SSA of the 3rd leaf on main stem) and a nitrogen factor were introduced to quantify the effect of cultivar and N rate on SSA. The model was validated against data collected from both pot and field experiments. The relative root mean square error (RRMSE) was 11.56% and 14.05%, respectively. The resulting models could be used for virtual rice plant modeling and plant-type design.
Highlights
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world
Leaf angle is a key trait for canopy structure, affecting canopy light distribution [14–16], and playing a crucial role in energy and mass balance in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum [17]
This study mainly focused on modeling stem and sheath (SSA) of the isolated rice plant
Summary
In the light of the constantly increasing demand for food, enhancing rice yield is always a challenging task for crop scientists. Much research has been conducted to achieve higher yield, and breeding for new rice plant types has become one of the most important methods [1, 2]. Through its integration of crop structural and functional processes, is becoming an important tool in breeding new crop plant types [3, 4], examples include wheat [5], maize [6–8], cotton [9], and other crops [10–13]. Leaf angle is a key trait for canopy structure, affecting canopy light distribution [14–16], and playing a crucial role in energy and mass balance in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum [17]. De Wit [19] proposed six special functions to simulate LAD characteristics in different crop canopy. Fuchs et al used a Dual-parameter Beta function to describe LAD of different crop canopies [20].
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