Abstract
Droplet evaporation is a fundamental phenomenon encountered in diverse applications such as inkjet printing, DNA mapping, film coating, and electronics cooling. Modeling the evaporation process of a sessile droplet is complicated because of the coupling of several physical phenomena occurring in different phases and various magnitudes such as the buoyant convection of the liquid in millimeter size droplets and that of the surrounding air/water vapor mixture, in the order of meters. In this study, the theoretical framework presented previously for the steadily fed droplets [Int J Therm Sci, 158 (2020) 106529] is extended to resolve the evaporation of drying droplets with a pinned contact line. Based on the quasi-steady-state assumption, buoyant convection inside the droplet and diffusive-convective transport of vapor in the gas domain are modeled. As a test case, drying process of a water droplet with a 68° initial contact angle on a heated substrate is simulated and the predictions of the model are interpreted.
Highlights
Droplet evaporation has been extensively studied by the researchers due to the diversity of its applications and its complexity
There is an extensive body of literature regarding droplet evaporation
Non-monotonic evaporation distribution can lead to non-monotonic interfacial temperature distribution for droplets with buoyancy-driven internal convection [3, 5]
Summary
Droplet evaporation has been extensively studied by the researchers due to the diversity of its applications and its complexity. Energy transport is not restricted with the conduction in evaporating droplets [1]. In this work, the effect of buoyancy on the evaporation of drying sessile droplets is investigated by developing a model that solves full compressible Navier-Stokes equations by utilizing temperature dependent thermophysical properties in both phases. The connections between the droplets with reducing contact angle are established by assigning the deformation velocity at the interface.
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