Abstract
Increasing interdependencies between power and ICT systems amplify the possibility of cascading failures. Resilience against such failures is an essential property of modern and sustainable power systems and networks. To assess the resilience and predict the behaviour of a system consisting of interdependent subsystems, the interconnection requires adequate modeling. This work presents an approach to model and determine the state of these so-called interconnectors in future cyber-physical energy systems with strongly coupled ICT and power systems for a resilience analysis. The approach can be used to capture the impact of various parameters on system performance upon suitable modification. An hierarchical modeling approach is developed with atomic models that demonstrate the interdependencies between a power and ICT system. The modeling approach using stochastic activity nets is applied to an exemplary redispatch process in a cyber-physical energy system. The performance of an interconnector when facing limited performance from the ICT subsystem and its subsequent impact on the power system is analysed using the models. The state of the interconnector, as well as the service level are mapped to a resilience state-space diagram. The representation of system state on the resilience state-space diagram allows interpretation of system performance and quantification of resilience metrics.
Highlights
Conclusion and future work The main contributions of this work include the introduction of the concept of interconnectors in cyber-physical energy system (CPES), an approach to model the so-called interconnectors and the depiction of the interconnector state on the resilience state-space diagram
The models show the high degree of interdependence between power system (PS) and information and communication technologies (ICT) subsystems
The state-space diagram can be evaluated for various resilience metrics as well as the comparison between similar implementations of systems
Summary
The purpose of consistently providing power, gas or heat to customers under the objective of cost-efficiency is extended by the objective of decarbonisation. This led and continues to lead to renewable energy resources being connected to existing systems. Solar and wind power plants connected to the power system (PS) are typically smaller, area-wide distributed and can be controlled rapidly, only within a volatile range of capacity. While conventional energy supply systems were operated separately, the emerging cyber-physical energy system (CPES) relies on information and communication technologies (ICT) and span multiple subsystems. Patil et al Energy Informatics 2020, 3(Suppl 1):
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