Abstract
This paper focuses on the evaluation of theoretical and numerical aspects related to an original DC microgrid power architecture for efficient charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed DC microgrid is based on photovoltaic array (PVA) generation, electrochemical storage, and grid connection; it is assumed that PEVs have a direct access to their DC charger input. As opposed to conventional power architecture designs, the PVA is coupled directly on the DC link without a static converter, which implies no DC voltage stabilization, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing control complexity. Based on a real-time rule-based algorithm, the proposed power management allows self-consumption according to PVA power production and storage constraints, and the public grid is seen only as back-up. The first phase of modeling aims to evaluate the main energy flows within the proposed DC microgrid architecture and to identify the control structure and the power management strategies. For this, an original model is obtained by applying the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism, which allows deducing the control design using Maximum Control Structure. The second phase of simulation is based on the numerical characterization of the DC microgrid components and the energy management strategies, which consider the power source requirements, charging times of different PEVs, electrochemical storage ageing, and grid power limitations for injection mode. The simulation results show the validity of the model and the feasibility of the proposed DC microgrid power architecture which presents good performance in terms of total efficiency and simplified control.
Highlights
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), whose growth is predicted in future years, represent an important step to achieve low-carbon transport transition [1]
To validate the DC microgrid for PEVs charging station modeling approach, the system simulation is performed with MATLAB Simulink
The system simulation is based on real experimental tests concerning: PV panel under real solar irradiation and its control, constant current (CC)/constant voltage (CV) charging procedure for one PEV battery cell, electrochemical storage charge/discharge and SOC calculation
Summary
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), whose growth is predicted in future years, represent an important step to achieve low-carbon transport transition [1]. PEV charging increases the real-time power consumption. Due to the high current needed and depending on when and where the vehicles are plugged-in, the charging stations causes issues and constraints in the public grid. The indirect greenhouse gases emitted by the charging stations depend on the mix of the spinning reserve generation capacity of the electric power system. In order to accommodate the PEVs’ charging demand and requirements, the capacity of this spinning reserve should be expanded [3]. During the daytime, in many local areas the public grid could be strongly stressed by a PEVs power demand threshold
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