Modeling and planning of a space robot for capturing tumbling target by approaching the Dynamic Closest Point

Abstract

Space debris or uncontrolled satellites bring new and critical challenges for space robots to capture and remove them, especially when the targets are tumbling. In the face of these challenges, most existing research only focused on capturing a fixed point on the target. Distinguished from previous research, this paper attempts to investigate an autonomous tumbling target capturing method by approaching the “Dynamic Closest Point” (DCP), that is, the most suitable point on the target to be grasped and always closest to the end effector. First, an uncontrolled space object and a space robotic system are modeled, and the existence of the DCP is proved. For a practical malfunction spacecraft, the motion characteristics of the DCP and a fixed point are theoretically analyzed and compared as regards different motion types and rotation vectors. Furthermore, the desired trajectory is generated for the end effector of the space robot to approach the DCP autonomously, based on the position and velocity of the DCP estimated in real-time by hand-eye cameras. The joint velocities and angles are then resolved by combining the differential kinematics and movement constraints on the end effector. Finally, an Adams-Simulink co-simulation system is developed. Based on this, the proposed method is verified by single-arm and dual-arm capturing cases. Simulation results demonstrate that the capture time and movement ranges of the end effector are both greatly reduced with the DCP method. In contrast with traditional capturing methods, the efficiency of this proposed method is largely improved.