Mobile phone addiction and social anxiety among nursing students during internship: The longitudinal mediating role of physical activity and social adaptability in mental health promotion.

Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged that mobile phone addiction is a risky factor for insomnia symptoms, but to date, people know little about the underlying relationship between them among undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential association between mobile phone addiction and insomnia, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of physical activity. Using the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Physical Activity Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index, 301 eligible college students in China were investigated. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, moderating effect test, moderating effect test were carried out in turn. The findings revealed a favorable correlation between mobile phone addiction, social anxiety and insomnia, as well as between social anxiety and insomnia. But physical activity was negatively correlated with social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and social anxiety partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and insomnia. Additionally, physical activity played a significant moderating effect between mobile phone addiction and social anxiety. This study advances the knowledge of how mobile phone addiction raises the likelihood of experiencing insomnia symptoms, and also implies that upping physical activity level could lessen the harmful impacts from mobile phone addiction.

To explore the effect of problematic mobile phone use on college students' physical activity and their relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3980 college students from three universities in Jiangsu province by random cluster sampling. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short (IPAQ-SF) measured college students' physical activity. The Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students (MPATS) measured problematic mobile phone use tendencies. College students' physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short (IPAQ-SF), and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale measured their mobile phone addiction tendency for College Students (MPATS). (1) The proportions of the low-, medium-, and high-intensity physical activity were 83.5%, 10.7%, and 5.8%, respectively, with gender differences; The score of problematic mobile phone use tendency was 38.725 ± 15.139. (2) There were significant differences in problematic mobile phone use tendency among college students with different physical activity intensity (F = 11.839, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.007). (3) The level of physical activity was significantly correlated with the tendency of problematic mobile phone use (r = -0.173, p < 0.001). (4) Physical activity of college students could significantly predict the tendency of problematic mobile phone use (F (3,3605) = 11.296, p < 0.001). The physical activity of college students was mainly moderate to low intensity, while the tendency of problematic mobile phone use was high. College students' physical activity level was one of the important constraints of problematic mobile phone use tendency.

IntroductionMobile phones bring much convenience to college students’ lives, but they also cause problems. Few studies have explored the effect of the fear of missing out (FoMO) on problematic mobile phone use among college students. This study tested the mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between FoMO and problematic mobile phone use. It also explored the moderating roles of perceived social support and future orientation in the relationship between these variables.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used in this study. Materials include the Fear of Missing Out Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Self-control Scale (Chinese version), Mobile Phone Addiction Index, and Consideration of Future Consequences Scale. Of 3606 participants, 3189 completed the questionnaire. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the mediation and moderation effects.ResultsThe results showed that problematic mobile phone use was positively predicted by FoMO. The relationship between FoMO and problematic mobile phone use was partially mediated by self-control. When the scores of perceived social support and future orientation were high, the negative effect of FoMO on problematic mobile phone use was reduced.ConclusionThe negative effect of FoMO on problematic mobile phone use through self-control was moderated by perceived social support and future orientation.

Objective To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use and anxiety in college students, and explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, and to provide reference for physical and mental health promotion of college students. Methods One medical college and a comprephensive college were selected in Hefei city of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, respectively, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 1 135 valid questionnaires were collected. The self-rating questionnaires regarding basic information of college students, use the Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU) and the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression-Anxiety-Stress for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (DASS-21) was used to evaluate problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, respectively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. Results The detection rates of college students with problematic mobile phone use and poor sleep quality were 24.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The detection rates of college students anxiety grouped by severity were 5.1%, 23.9%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety [ OR values (95% CI ) were 1.86 (1.01-3.44), 4.34(3.14-5.99), P <0.01] . The results of process showed that sleep quality played a moderating role between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety ( R 2 = 0. 37, F = 220.52, P <0.01). Interaction term’s β = 0.09 ( P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of problematic mobile phone use is high in college students, and problematic mobile phone use is positively related to anxiety. Good sleep quality can alleviate the relationship between mobile phone dependence and anxiety of college students. 【摘要】 目的 描述大学生手机依赖与焦虑的流行状况及其与焦虑间的调节效应, 为促进大学生群体身心健康发展提供 参考。 方法 使用横断面调査方法, 在安徽省合肥市和江西省上饶市分别选取 1 所医科类院校及 1 所综合类院校, 共调査 1 135 名大学生, 使用青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表分别评估大学生手机依赖和焦虑, 运用匹 兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评估大学生睡眠质量。 结果 大学生手机依赖和睡眠质量差的检出率分别为 24.6% 和 13.3%, 轻度 和中度及以上焦虑的检出率分别为 5.1% 和 23.9%。多元Logistic回归分析显示, 手机依赖与轻度焦虑、中度及以上焦虑呈 正相关 [ OR 值 (95% CI )分别为 1.86(1.01~3.44), 4.34 (3.14 ~ 5.99), P 值均<0.01]。调节效应分析结果显示, 睡眠质量在 手机依赖与焦虑间起调节作用 ( R 2 = 0.37, F = 220.52, P <0.01);交互项“手机依赖x睡眠质量”的回归系数为 0.09 ( P <0.05)。 结论 大学生手机依赖报告率髙, 手机依赖与焦虑呈正向关联, 良好的睡眠质量可缓解手机依赖对大学生焦虑的预测 作用。

The reciprocal relations between parental psychological control and adolescents' problematic mobile phone use: A four-wave longitudinal study.

The mediating and moderating roles of social anxiety and relatedness need satisfaction on the relationship between shyness and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents

As mobile phones become prevalent in our daily lives, studies have been conducted to investigate the reasons behind the popularity of mobile phones. Mobile phones ease the communication between humans by overcoming geographical and time constraints. However, uncontrollable mobile phone usage could lead to negative consequences. Drawing on group socialization theory, this study investigates the factors affecting both mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents in Singapore and Malaysia. In particular, using survey questionnaire method, this study examines mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents by focusing on the three important agents of change in adolescents’ life – the self, parents, and peers. This dissertation comprises three parts. Using samples from Singapore and Malaysia, the first part of this dissertation validates the measurement of parental mediation and parenting styles. The second and third parts of this dissertation investigate the effects of adolescents’ personalities (such as self-esteem, extraversion, neuroticism, and self-control), parental influence (such as parental mobile phone use, parenting styles, and parental mediation), and peer influence (such as peer mediation, peer norms, and peer capital) on both mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents in Singapore and Malaysia. In addition, this study also compares the intensity of mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents in both countries. The results show that personalities, parents, and peers exerted considerable influence on Singaporean and Malaysian adolescents’ mobile phone use. Specifically, peer influence accounted for the largest amount of variance in predicting adolescents’ mobile phone use, followed by personalities and parental influence. This study found that extroverted Singaporean and Malaysian adolescents are more likely to use mobile phones. In addition, the results show that peer discussion of mobile phone, injunctive norms, and peer capital are significantly associated with adolescents’ mobile phone use in Singapore and Malaysia. In contrast, personalities accounted for the largest amount of variance in predicting problematic mobile phone use among adolescents in both countries. This study found that adolescents with higher neuroticism trait and lower levels of self-control are more likely to involve in problematic mobile phone use. Moreover, the findings show that authoritarian parenting, restrictive mediation, mobile monitoring, peer discussion, and injunctive norms are significantly associated with problematic mobile phone use. The results also reveal that Singaporean adolescents have a higher frequency of mobile phone use as compared to Malaysian adolescents, but Malaysian adolescents tend to experience problematic mobile phone use more than their Singapore counterparts. This study contributes to the growing literature of mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use by supporting the Big Five Theory, parenting styles model, parental mediation theory, social norm theory, and the social capital theory. This study also provides practical recommendations for policymakers, educators, and parents to mitigate problematic mobile phone use among adolescents.

Sleep is a crucial foundation for maintaining both physical and mental health. Bedtime procrastination has been identified as a significant behavioral factor contributing to decreased sleep quality. Research has identified bedtime procrastination as a prevalent issue among college students, posing significant challenges to their overall health. Regular physical exercise, as a positive lifestyle intervention, may mitigate procrastination behaviors. However, the specific effects of physical exercise on bedtime procrastination among college students, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear and warrant further investigation. This study aims to examine the effects of physical exercise on bedtime procrastination in college students and to analyze the mediating roles of self-control and mobile phone addiction. A total of 1,000 college students from four universities were surveyed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), the College Student Self-Control Scale (CSSCS), and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) through online questionnaires. (1) Physical exercise was positively correlated with self-control (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant negative association was identified between self-control and both mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination among college students (p < 0.001). Furthermore, mobile phone addiction was positively correlated with bedtime procrastination (p < 0.001). (2) The total effect of physical exercise on bedtime procrastination was significant (β = -0.137, 95% CI = [-0.191, -0.083]); moreover, physical exercise alleviated bedtime procrastination through a chain mediation effect involving self-control and mobile phone addiction (β = -0.019, 95% CI = [-0.032, -0.010]), indicating that physical exercise mitigated mobile phone addiction by fostering self-control, thereby alleviating bedtime procrastination. Physical exercise significantly reduces bedtime procrastination among college students. Self-control and mobile phone addiction serve as mediators in the relationship between physical exercise and bedtime procrastination.

Association Between Introversion Personality and Social Media Usage-Related Social Anxiety Among Chinese College Students: Chain Mediating Effects of Interaction Anxiousness and Mobile Phone Addiction.

This study explored possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between alexithymia and mobile phone addiction. The participants comprised 2,500 university students who were asked to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interaction Anxiousness Scale, the Core Self-evaluations Scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index. The research found that social anxiety and core self-evaluation partially mediated the effect of alexithymia on mobile phone addiction, accounting for 22.5% and 42.4% of the total variance, respectively. When working sequentially, the relationship between alexithymia and mobile phone addiction was mediated by social anxiety and mobile phone addiction. The implications of the findings for preventing mobile phone addiction among college students are discussed.

Objective:Problematic cell phone use is common among young age groups which include university students, and may be accompanied by social anxiety and eating disorders. We aimed to examine the relationship between problematic cell phone use, social anxiety and eating disorders among university students.Methods:The universe of this cross-sectional study consists of 28,669 students receiving education at a Inonu University between October 2017 - November 2017. With a confidence interval of 95% and power of 80%, the sample size was calculated to be 308. The survey forms used in the study included students’ sociodemographic characteristics, data regarding cell phone usage, Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and Eating Attitudes Test. The statistical analyses were conducted using Student t, One Way ANOVA, Spearman Correlation Test and Binomial Logistic Regression Analysis.Results:The students in the study group demonstrated a 46.1% rate of problematic cell phone use. The students’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale total scores showed a significant correlation with smoking, and daily duration and purpose of cell phone use (p<0.05).Conclusion:University students demonstrate high rates of problematic cell phone use; in addition, individuals who use cell phones for increased hours or for certain purposes display higher total scores on the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale. Students should be educated on limiting problematic cell phone use.

ObjectiveThis study investigates the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between physical activity and problematic smartphone use among college students, and examines the moderating role of gender within this model.MethodsFrom April to May 2023, a survey was conducted involving 2905 undergraduate students from various medical schools in Shandong, China. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students (MPATS), and the Social Anxiety Scale (IAS). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis and other methods were employed to explore the relationships between the variables. The mediating effect of social anxiety on physical activity and mobile phone addiction was assessed using the bootstrapping method, while the moderating role of gender on social anxiety and mobile phone addiction was evaluated using the PROCESS macro's model 14.ResultsThe findings revealed that the scores of problematic smartphone use among medical students was 44.00 (35.00, 50.00), physical activity score was 16.00 (8.00, 32.00), and social anxiety score was 45.00 (42.00, 52.00). Physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with both problematic smartphone use and social anxiety (P < 0.001), and social anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with problematic smartphone use (P < 0.001). Social anxiety partially mediated the effect between physical activity and problematic smartphone use (β = −0.04, 95%CI = −0.05 to −0.02), with a mediation effect proportion of 57.14%. Sex played a moderating role between social anxiety and problematic smartphone use (β = −0.30, 95%CI = −0.39 to −0.21).ConclusionPhysical activity influences problematic smartphone use among medical students both directly and indirectly through social anxiety. Sex significantly moderates the influence of social anxiety on problematic smartphone use, highlighting the need for gender-specific interventions in this demographic.

Background: Research has shown that social anxiety can trigger smartphone addiction, but relatively few studies have explored the specific mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction. This study explores the specific mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction by examining the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of gender. Methods: In five universities, 10 classes of university students were randomly selected from each university. A total of 2500 university students participated in the actual assessment throughout this study and completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Interaction Anxiousness Scale. The data were analysed using SPSS 27.0. Results: The results of this study revealed that (1) rumination plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction and that social anxiety not only has a direct effect on smartphone addiction but also indirectly affects smartphone addiction through rumination. (2) The mediating role of rumination between social anxiety and smartphone addiction is moderated by gender. Conclusions: Social anxiety is significantly and positively associated with smartphone addiction among university students, with rumination influencing this association. In addition, the indirect relationship between rumination and smartphone addiction was moderated by gender; however, the direct relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction was not affected by gender.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of social anxiety, self-concept clarity, self-esteem and adolescents’ mobile phone dependence, and aimed to clarify the role of self-concept clarity and self-esteem in social anxiety and adolescents’ mobile phone dependence. It was hypothesized that social anxiety would affect the adolescents’ mobile phone dependence through the mediating role of self-concept clarity and self-esteem. A total of 1210 adolescents, in which 567 (47.2%) boys and 634 (52.8%) girls, completed the Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, Self-concept Clarity Scale, and Self-esteem Scale. Results revealed that social anxiety significantly predicted adolescents’ mobile phone dependence not only directly, but also through the mediation of self-concept clarity, the mediation of self-esteem, and serial mediation of self-concept clarity and self-esteem. Findings of the present study can clarify how social anxiety affects adolescents’ mobile phone dependence and enrich theories about mobile phone dependence, which also can help to establish the intervention or protection of adolescents’ mobile phone dependence.

Left-behind experience and mobile phone addiction among college students: A moderated mediation of social anxiety and sex