Abstract
Purpose:The number of patients who are suffering from diabetes nowadays is increasing significantly. In some countries, the percentage of population who suffer from this disease can reach up to 20%. Diabetic patients have to deal with their medical conditions and any further complications that this disease may cause. One of the most common conditions is the Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). The early detection of these ulcers can help and may save the life of diabetic patients.Methods:This work proposes a mobile application for the detection of possible ulcers using a smart phone along with a mobile thermal camera (FLIR ONE). The proposed system captures thermal images of the feet from the thermal camera. The app that identifies ulcers was built using Android studio. The images were acquired to the Samsung S6 smart phone using the FLIR ONE SDK. Image processing techniques were deployed based on Open CV Library. The procedure of detecting possible ulcers was implemented based on analyzing the thermal distribution on the two feet. The developed application compares the difference between the temperature distribution on the two feet and checks if there is a Mean Temperature Difference (MTD) greater than 2.2oC (the value which indicates a possible ulcer development).Results:The system was tested under simulated conditions by heating different locations of the subjects’ feet to different temperature ranges; one image with temperature less than 2.2oC and another three images with temperature greater than 2.2oC. The system has successfully identified possible ulcer regions along with an image showing the location of the possible ulcers.Conclusions:This work is a very first step in developing a complete mobile thermal imaging system that can be validated clinically in the future.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes affected 422 million adults worldwide as reported in 2014, and this number is expected to increase [1]
The thermal image acquisition system consists of two components: Samsung S6 smart phone and FLIR ONE mobile thermal camera
The visible image is overlaid on the thermal image to show the edges on the thermal image producing a final MSX blended image by the FLIR ONE IRT camera
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes affected 422 million adults worldwide as reported in 2014, and this number is expected to increase [1]. DFU is a symptom of Type 2 diabetes at its advanced stages [2]. Around 15% to 25% of diabetic patients suffer from foot complications at a later stage of the disease [3]. These complications are normally attributed to the peripheral ischemia, foot ulceration, and infection [4, 5]. Foot ulcers are mainly caused by peripheral neuropathy, which in turn affects the ability of the patient to sense and feel his foot. Any injury in the foot of the diabetic patient can go unnoticed [6].
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