Abstract
In this work, the functionalized form of a highly-conductive, porous, three-dimensional graphene foam (F-GF) was used to enhance the flame speed of a solid propellant, nitrocellulose (NC). The graphene foam (GF) micro-structures, synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, were coated with a transition metal oxide (TMO), manganese dioxide (MnO2), using a hydrothermal approach. Average flame speeds as a function of both the NC-GF and MnO2NC loadings were studied. Overall, flame speed enhancement up to 9 times that of the bulk NC flame speed was observed. An optimum MnO2NC loading corresponding to the maximum flame speed was obtained for each NC-GF loading, which was found to shift to the right as the NC-GF loading was decreased. In addition, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were also conducted to determine the effect of NC-GF and MnO2NC loadings on the activation energy (E) and peak thermal decomposition (PTD) temperatures of the propellant NC. Similar to the flame speed results, for each NC-GF loading tested, an initial decrease in both E and PTD temperatures was obtained as a function of the MnO2NC loading but above a certain MnO2 concentration, a slight rise and a plateaued behavior was observed, respectively.
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