Abstract
This paper presents designs and prototypes of low cost multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas for 5G and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed MIMOs are fabricated using 3D printing and are able deliver beams in multiple directions that provide continuous and real time coverage in the elevation of up to F300 without using phase shifters. This equips the proposed MIMO with a superior advantage of being an attractive low cost technology for 5G and mm-wave applications. The proposed MIMO antennas operate at the 28 GHz 5G band, with wide bandwidth performance exceeds 4 GHz and with beam switching ability of up to F300 in the elevation plane. The direction of the main beam of the single element antenna in the MIMO is steered over the entire bandwidth through introducing 3D printed walls with different heights on the side of the 3D printed radiating antenna. Unlike all other available beam steering techniques; the proposed wall is not only able to change the direction of the beam of the antenna, but also it is able to increase the overall directivity and gain of the proposed antenna and MIMO at the same time over the entire bandwidth.
Highlights
The upcoming fifth generation (5G) is a wireless mobile communication technology that is expected to be completely standardized by 2020 and will satisfy the ever-growing demand on wireless data transmission
We propose an innovative and low-cost multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G mm-wave base station applications
The antenna has a radiation in the boresight direction with good side lobe level (SLL), half power beamwdith (HPBW) performance over a wide bandwidth ranges between 26 GHz and 30.5 GHz
Summary
The upcoming fifth generation (5G) is a wireless mobile communication technology that is expected to be completely standardized by 2020 and will satisfy the ever-growing demand on wireless data transmission. Shadowing is another important source of signal losses [10] These losses introduces a challenge for antenna engineers to develop efficient, steerable and high gain antennas that help to overcome these losses to establish high quality communication links at mm-wave frequencies. Realizing antennas and RF front-end solutions for 5G mm-wave base stations that are able to deliver both high gain and beam-steering functionalities are highly complex and expensive task due to the high cost of elements used in the system design such as phase shifters. We propose an innovative and low-cost MIMO antenna for 5G mm-wave base station applications. The proposed MIMO antenna is compact, low cost, efficient, high gain and it provides beam-switching abilities using a novel technique without using phased array technology. The measured and simulated results of the proposed MIMO antennas are presented as well as the diversity analysis of the performance of the proposed MIMO antennas
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