ML-06 Diagnostic value of liquid biopsy for CNS lymphoma by detection of specific gene mutations in the cerebrospinal fluid

Abstract

Backgrounds & Purpose: Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is the second most common primary malignant brain tumor. Brain biopsy is indispensable to confirm the diagnosis of CNSL, but has a potential risk of inducing hemorrhagic complications in the brain. Therefore, liquid biopsy using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has attracted an attention as a less invasive diagnostic method. In this study, we established a digital PCR-based method to detect MYD88 mutations in CSF and evaluated its efficacy. Methods: Matched CSF and biopsy samples from CNSL patients collected before the start of chemotherapy were used. Cellular DNA and cell free DNA (cfDNA) of CSF were separately extracted from the pellet and the supernatant fraction of CSF, respectively. Presence of the MYD88 L265P mutation was examined in each fraction by the digital PCR. The mutational status obtained by liquid biopsy was compared with that of the matched biopsy specimen examined by pyrosequencing. Result: A total of 36 paired samples were used. When the cutoff value of Target/Total ratio was 0.25%, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the digital PCR detection using cellular DNA were 92.9%, 100%, and 0.95, respectively, while they were 100%, 100%, and 1.00 using cfDNA. Conclusion: We showed that the digital PCR method was highly sensitive and specific in detecting MYD88 mutations in the CSF. We propose that CSF liquid biopsy may serve a clinically applicable surrogate to make a diagnosis of CNSL.