Abstract
Mixed convection in a lid-driven composite square cavity is studied numerically. The cavity is composed of two layers; a Cu–water nanofluid layer superposed a porous layer. The porous layer is saturated with the same nanofluid. The left and right walls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The bottom wall which is in contact with the porous layer is isothermally heated and being lid to the left, while the top wall is isothermally cooled and being lid to the right. Cavity walls are impermeable except the interface between the porous layer and the nanofluid. Maxwell-Brinkman model is invoked for the momentum exchange within the porous layer. Equations govern the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy within the two layers were modeled and solved numerically using under successive relaxation (USR) up- wind finite difference scheme. Four pertinent parameters are studied; nanoparticles volume fraction φ (0.0 - 0.05), porous layer thickness Wp (0.1 - 0.9), Darcy number Da (10-7 – 10-1), and Richardson number Ri (0.01 - 10). The results have showed that the existence of the porous layer in a specified value can enhance the convective heat transfer when Ri ≥ 1, while an adverse action of nanoparticles is recorded when Da ≥ 10-4.
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