Abstract

Here we report the complete mitochondrial sequences of 70 individual field collected mosquito specimens from throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. We generated this dataset to identify species specific markers for the followingAnophelesspecies and chromosomal forms:An. arabiensis,An. coluzzii(TheForestandMoptichromosomal forms) andAn. gambiae(TheBamakoandSavannahchromosomal forms). The raw Illumina sequencing reads were mapped to the NC_002084 reference mitogenome sequence. A total of 783 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected on the mitochondrial genome, of which 460 are singletons (58.7%). None of these SNPs are suitable as molecular markers to distinguish amongAn. arabiensis,An. coluzziiandAn. gambiaeor any of the chromosomal forms. The lack of species or chromosomal form specific markers is also reflected in the constructed phylogenetic tree, which shows no clear division among the operational taxonomic units considered here.

Highlights

  • MtDNA sequence has been used in taxonomy as a source of species diagnostic markers (Cronin et al (1991); De Barba et al (2014); Pegg et al (2006)) or in population genetics and evolutionary studies (Fu et al (2013); Harrison (1989); Llamas et al (2016))

  • Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can deviate from the ones that are derived from nuclear DNA (Phillips et al (2013); Shaw (2002); Sota & Vogler, 2001)

  • We explore the relationship among An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae and four of the sub-specific chromosomal form mitogenome sequences

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Summary

Introduction

MtDNA sequence has been used in taxonomy as a source of species diagnostic markers (Cronin et al (1991); De Barba et al (2014); Pegg et al (2006)) or in population genetics and evolutionary studies (Fu et al (2013); Harrison (1989); Llamas et al (2016)). One advantage of using mitochondrial over nuclear DNA for such studies is that the mutation rate of mtDNA is about 10 times faster than nuclear DNA (Brown et al (1979); Haag-Liautard et al (2008)), amplifying the evolutionary trajectory of populations and species. MtDNA is easy to amplify, because there are more copies of mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear DNA. Used universal primers target the cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase 1 genes (Tahir et al (2016)), because both have conserved and highly variable regions. The currently used molecular markers are located within genomic islands of divergence located proximal to the centromeres (Lee et al (2014); Turner et al (2005)) please rephrase the citation and refer it only to detect genomic differences between An.gambiae e and An.coluzzii.

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