Abstract
The fast development of large-scale intensive animal husbandry has led to an increased proportion of atmospheric pollution arising from livestock and poultry housing. Atmospheric pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as other hazardous materials (e.g., gases, bacteria, fungi and viruses), have significant influences upon the local atmospheric environment and the health of animals and nearby residents. Therefore, it is imperative to develop livestock and poultry housing mitigation strategies targeting atmospheric pollution, to reduce its negative effects on the ambient atmosphere and to promote sustainable agricultural production. In this paper, we summarize the various strategies applied for reducing outlet air pollutants and purifying inlet air from mechanical ventilated livestock and poultry housing. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the removal of various atmospheric pollutants and their relative performance. The potential optimization of processes and operational design, material selection, and other technologies, such as electrostatic spinning, are discussed in detail. The study provides a timely critical analysis to fill the main research gaps or needs in this domain by using practical and stakeholder-oriented evaluation criteria.
Highlights
The rising demand for food, especially for livestock products, has elicited great concerns over their negative environmental impacts [1–3]
Air emissions generated by animal industry harbor an abundant mixture of pollutants, mostly consisting of ammonia (NH3 ); greenhouse gases [carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O)]; odors; hydrogen sulfide (H2 S); volatile organic compounds (VOCs); particulate matter (PM); and bio-aerosols [10,15–17]
Mitigation strategies of air pollutants in mechanically ventilated livestock and poultry housing are of great significance for their production performance and atmosphere quality
Summary
The rising demand for food, especially for livestock products, has elicited great concerns over their negative environmental impacts [1–3]. Some management practices can be used to reduce emissions, a certain level of degraded air quality by animal operations is inevitable [20] Each technology has both its advantages and disadvantages, and the corresponding mitigation technology implemented should be selected according to the pollutant type, ventilation rate, concentration range, and other site-specific factors, such that secondary pollution should be avoided [20,21]. A mechanical ventilation system can be used to bring in external fresh air and discharge the internal dirty gases, to realize the effective exchange of air inside and outside the livestock and poultry housing; this can improve the temperature, humidity and air quality in the livestock and poultry house [27,28] This system has many benefits for animal welfare and productivity, which cannot be overemphasized in animal breeding [29,30]. (2) to identify knowledge gaps/needs and promising future research avenues, to provide timely guidance for housing systems when renovating, expanding or building new animal housing for integrated environmental permitting
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