Mitigating the Tyranny of Time and Distance: Community-based Organizations and Marine Mass Rescue Operations in Inuit Nunangat

Abstract

In Inuit Nunangat, increased vessel traffic, uncharted seabed, the presence of ice hazards, extreme weather, and inexperienced operators increase the risk of marine transportation accidents and concomitant mass rescue operations (MRO). Marine MROs are low-probability, high-consequence scenarios that are complex and challenging wherever they occur. In Inuit Nunangat, challenges are exacerbated by austere environmental conditions, limited support infrastructure, inadequate local medical capacity, and fewer vessels of opportunity that can be called upon for assistance. Perhaps the most serious challenges are those posed by the tyranny of time and distance. Given the vast distances involved and the position of Canada’s primary search and rescue assets in the southern parts of the country, the arrival of SAR resources on-scene can take significant time. In this chapter, we argue that community-based organizations (CBOs) would act as valuable force multipliers both at sea and shoreside during a marine MRO. We use the results of a mass rescue tabletop exercise involving community responders from Nunavut, follow-up interviews, and additional scenario-based discussions to develop the functions that CBOs could perform. We also provide a roadmap for how to best prepare community responders to take on these roles and to ensure that their capabilities are reflected in relevant mass rescue and emergency plans.