Abstract
Dairy farming intensification results from the increasing demand for dairy products being met by increasing livestock populations, which places huge pressure on resources and the environment due to poor manure management. In this study, we first quantify the nitrogen (N) flows of two typical dairy manure management systems: “Ganqingfen” system and slurry-based system, based on a substance (N) flow analysis method. Second, the effects of ammonia (NH3) abatement technologies on N recycling efficiency (NRE) and N losses are evaluated for the two systems through a scenario analysis. Furthermore, we explore the mitigation potential of integrated crop and dairy production systems using a scenario analysis of a concatenation of mitigation techniques. The results indicate that the ratio of returned manure N in the “Ganqingfen” and slurry-based manure systems are 32% and 34% of feed N, respectively. N losses from manure management are 56.8–59.5% of total N excretion, of which approximately 50% is emitted as NH3. The scenario analysis indicates that implementation of single or combined NH3 abatement measures can reduce NH3 emissions by 2–56%, whereas nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) can increase depending on the specific measures. Total losses can be reduced from 80.4-83.5 kg N·head-1 to 49.2-55.7 kg N·head-1. Regarding integrated crop and dairy production systems, as the level of scenario optimization improves, resource use (e.g. land use and chemical fertilizer use) and N losses (particularly NH3 emissions) are decreased, while the NRE improves. The results of this study provide insights into the N flow and losses of typical dairy manure management systems in China, as well as effective measures towards the sustainable development of integrated crop and livestock production systems.
Highlights
China’s growing population, dietary changes, and increasing urbanization have greatly increased the demand for dairy products, leading to rapid intensification of the domestic dairy industry (Wei, 2016)
Dairy farmers are more concerned with the benefits of a Mitigating Dairy Farm Nitrogen Emissions growing industry and neglect effective manure management, which leads to low nitrogen recycling efficiency (NRE) and a series of environmental pollution problems (Bai et al, 2016)
Our study provides key insights into the N flows and losses of typical dairy manure management systems in China, and has practical applications for reducing environmental pollution and promoting more sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry
Summary
China’s growing population, dietary changes, and increasing urbanization have greatly increased the demand for dairy products, leading to rapid intensification of the domestic dairy industry (Wei, 2016). China has rapidly become the third largest country for milk production (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2016). Meeting these increasing demands for dairy consumption generates huge pressures on resources and the environment. Dairy farmers are more concerned with the benefits of a Mitigating Dairy Farm Nitrogen Emissions growing industry and neglect effective manure management, which leads to low nitrogen recycling efficiency (NRE) and a series of environmental pollution problems (Bai et al, 2016).
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