Abstract
Pipelines are valuable infrastructures that covering a large area or expanding to long distance for the transporting function. This leads to the variety of loads and effects applied on such buried structures. A thread to pipeline integrity is the construction of the embankment on the soft soil which leads to the displacement of the pipe adjacent to the slope. This displacement will effect to the increase of internal force or causing failure of the near-by pipes. The use of concrete pile to improve the soil properties may be a solution; however, the cost for this is expensive. To propose an alternative solution for the problem, this study uses a system of cement deep mixing, CDM, columns as the solution for protecting the pipe. A simple 2D Finite Element, FE, model using Plaxis software has been established based on the equivalent soil approach which considering the CDM columns and their surrounding soil as an unified soil. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been numerically investigated and proven. The lateral displacement of pipe and the maximum ring bending moment and other internal forces are significantly reduced with the appearance of the CDM columns. The selective parametric study has been implemented revealing the critical input variables are the distance of pipe to the slope and the length of the CDM column.
Highlights
Pipelines, which designed to transport materials such as water, waste water or oil and gas, are systems covering a large area or expanding a long distance
With the inputs provided in the previous section, the 2D FE model has been developed to model the embankment on soft soil reinforced by CDM columns using the triangular plane element type
The improvement of the proposed method can be observed with the maximum of 19cm displacement in the case of CDM column absence reduced to 13cm with the reinforcement in the soft soil
Summary
Pipelines, which designed to transport materials such as water, waste water or oil and gas, are systems covering a large area or expanding a long distance These lead to the increase of the risk of suffering from various adverted soil-related phenomena. The use of cement deep mixing techniques, CDM, has the capacity of improving the load bearing capacity of soft soil as an economical approach[13], [14], [15]. It is rarely seen an investigation of the effectiveness of the CDM columns as the protection for the adjacent pipelines commonly installed near the toe of the slope of the embankment. This study will focus in this investigation and be organized in 4 sections: section 1 is the introduction; section 2 is the establishment of the pipe-soil-embankment-CDM columns system and its Finite Element model, FE; section 3 is the numerical study and the final section is the conclusion
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