Misuse of over-the-counter medications among community-dwelling older adults and associated adverse drug events

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the rates of occurrence of misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medications in community-dwelling older adults. In addition we examined whether those who misused OTC medications had higher numbers of adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in retirement homes and senior community centres in Houston, Texas, USA. Participants were community-dwelling older adults who (1) resided in retirement homes or visited senior community centres, (2) were responsible for managing their own medication regimens and (3) consumed OTC medications. Information regarding the use of OTC medications, conditions for which the OTC medication was used, ADEs and demographics was obtained using a combination of a self-administered questionnaire and a series of open-ended questions. Key findings Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and chi-square and t tests. The response rate for the study was 66.5%. Approximately 18% of respondents misused OTC medications, and 23% experienced at least one ADE following consumption of OTC medications. Occurrence of ADEs was higher in patients who misused OTCs compared to those who did not. Conclusions Analyses indicated that older adults participating in this study misused OTC medications. As expected, those who misused OTC medications had higher numbers of ADEs. Results from this study highlight the need to monitor the appropriateness of use of OTC medications in community-dwelling older adults. This will enable more effective medication management in the older adult population.