Misaligned Policy and Practice: Does Upzoning’s Implicit Reliance on Land Assembly Undermine Densification Goals?

Land use policies, though seemingly race‐neutral, can inadvertently contribute to racial segregation. Our study focuses on examining the impact of minimum lot size regulations on the likelihood of ethnic minorities integrating into a community, which reveals compelling evidence suggesting that black households exhibit a preference for smaller minimum lot sizes compared to white households. Specifically, our findings indicate that black households are willing to pay $934 to $2126 less annually for every additional acre of minimum lot size, accounting for approximately 3.36%–7.65% of the average house value, after controlling for various other factors influencing housing preferences. The result suggests that minimum lot size regulations can contribute to racial segregation not solely through income disparities but also voluntary choices made by different racial groups. With smaller minimum lot size requirements, communities can foster greater inclusivity and reduce the extent of racial segregation from housing policies.

Population assessment of the red snapper from the southeastern United States

Spatial Externalities and Land Use Regulation: Simultaneous Optimization of Building Size, Lot Size, and Zonal Boundaries

In practise, production managers prefer to determine an optimal production plan by using minimum lot size restrictions instead of setup cost [3, 5]. Anderson and Cheah [1] also noticed, that in “lot sizing practice out-of-pocket setup cost are commonly accounted for by specifying a minimum batch size parameter”. Therefore, the objective is to minimize the total inventory cost only with respect to the lot size restrictions, and not the sum of setup cost and inventory cost, as in mainstream models. In the paper we formulate the single item dynamic lot sizing problem with minimum lot size restriction and elaborate a dynamic programming algorithm for its solution. The preliminary computational results show that the algorithm is highly efficient and determines optimal solutions in negligible time.

Glycosaminoglycans have been implicated in the binding and activation of a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. In this way, glycosaminoglycans are thought to participate in events such as development and wound repair. In particular, heparin and heparan sulfate have been well studied, and specific aspects of their structure dictate their participation in a variety of activities. In contrast, although dermatan sulfate participates in many of the same biological processes as heparin and heparan sulfate, the interactions of dermatan sulfate have been less well studied. Dermatan sulfate is abundant in the wound environment and binds and activates growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and FGF-7, which are present during the wound repair process. To determine the minimum size and sulfation content of active dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides, dermatan sulfate was first digested and then separated by size exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography, and the activity to facilitate FGF-2 and FGF-7 was assayed by the cellular proliferation of cell lines expressing FGFR1 or FGFR2 IIIb. The minimum size required for the activation of FGF-2 was an octasaccharide and for FGF-7 a decasaccharide. Active fractions were rich in monosulfated, primarily 4-O-sulfated, disaccharides and iduronic acid. Increasing the sulfation to primarily 2/4-O-sulfated and 2/6-O-sulfated disaccharides did not increase activity. Cell proliferation decreased or was abolished with higher sulfated dermatan sulfate preparations. This indicated a preference for specific dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides capable of promoting FGF-2- and FGF-7-dependent cell proliferation. These data identify critical oligosaccharides that promote specific members of the FGF family that are important for wound repair and angiogenesis.

The impact of minimum lot size regulations on house prices in Eastern Massachusetts

In a continuous city with three distinct land use zones consisting of business, condominiums and detached houses, we derive the formulae which simultaneously optimize regulations on building size, lot size and the three zonal boundaries under the existence of agglomeration economies and traffic congestion. The formulae show that the optimal regulations require a combination of downward and upward adjustments to the market sizes of buildings within both the business zone and the condominium zone, followed by minimum lot size regulation in the housing zone. The outer boundaries of the condominium and housing zones should be regulated inward whereas the optimal business zone boundary regulation depends on the trade-off between agglomeration economies and traffic congestion costs.

Forest harvest scheduling models have addressed wildlife habitat concerns in a variety of ways. One way is through minimum patch size constraints specifying that a certain amount of the forest must consist of patches meeting both minimum size and minimum age requirements. Patch size requirements may be necessary because a forest with only small patches of mature habitat may not be able to support populations of some wildlife species. Maximum harvest opening size constraints, which are often imposed for legal or policy reasons, tend to divide forest habitat into small patches. Minimum patch size constraints may be able to help mitigate the negative impact of maximum harvest opening size restrictions. Patch size requirements have been considered elsewhere, but a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation has never been presented. This article presents such a formulation, which allows minimum patch size problems to be solved using the branch and bound algorithm available through commercial solver packages. An example problem is formulated, solved, and discussed. For. Sci. 49(4):608–618.

Futures are standardized and heavily regulated contracts, and these features make futures trading possible at liquid secondary markets. However, regulations constrain futures trading at discrete prices and quantities by imposing a minimum tick size and a minimum lot size. We show, theoretically and empirically, that the tick size and the lot size are important for futures trading costs. In our model, we express the futures bid–ask spread, given lot‐size, and tick‐size restrictions, as a function of futures volatility and trading activity by informed and uninformed traders. Our empirical results support the theoretical model.

Zoning on the urban fringe: Results from a new approach to modeling land and housing markets

Zoning on the Urban Fringe: Results from a New Approach to Modeling Land and Housing Markets

Land use regulation and the provision of open space in suburban residential subdivisions

Lot size optimization in manufacturing systems: The surrogate method

Due to the land readjustment project in Gwangjin District, Seoul, Korea, in the 1970s, Gwangjin was characterized as a single-family residential area for individual households. Over the following 40 years, the land-use situation changed dramatically, and ironically, there is now a too-fragmented residential area and very insufficient commercial areas. We employed a balanced panel data analysis. The data for this study were 24,177 parcel tax assessments and land assembly, split, zoning change, and property development activities over nine years from 2011 to 2019. We found that de facto land assembly would affect the tax assessment by delaying it a year more than it is when the development is approved, while formal land assembly did not. Development activity itself increased the assessment for that year only. Finally, formal land assembly in the commercial zone increased the assessment only for the following year, while property development in the residential zone increased the assessment for that year only. We recommend that the government provide land-assemblyfriendly policy incentives to allow for much larger property developments in both residential and commercial zones. The research on land and property development activities’ impact on tax assessment can provide a reasonable basis for the government’s tax assessment institution building.

Do Minimum-Lot-Size Regulations Limit Housing Supply in Texas?