Minority Communities "Trapped" in Migration Waves in Vietnam: A Comparative Analysis within the Southeast Asian Context

The focus of this article is to outline a case study from a South East (SE) Asian context, where combined qualitative and quantitative approaches are being used to facilitate a better understanding and measurement of leadership effectiveness. We briefly outline some of the underlying research and then our methodology, then present the results from the first phase of the research and relate the findings back to existing leadership frameworks.

The definition and understanding of community-centered preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) research lacks analytical clarity. This chapter examines this concept with a focus on the Southeast Asian context, reflecting on opportunities, challenges, and pitfalls, to lay the foundation for future theorization and comparative P/CVE research in local contexts. Collaboration with independent and genuine community actors is advantageous for all stakeholders, since deficient trust, tamed and crystallized relationships, and a lack of resources and capacities can result in biased research findings. The chapter advocates for the establishment of research and evaluation frameworks in National Action Plans, with the aim to set out common definitions, measurement tools, and methodologies in consultation with all stakeholders, including community actors. This is a necessary step in producing systematic, cumulative, and comparative research and evaluation findings that hold true across local contexts. Finally, the chapter discusses the ethical implications of conducting community-centered P/CVE research with minority communities––such as the creation of suspicious, ostracized, and alienated communities––as well as with majority communities. It also speaks to the potential for research findings and topics of focus interfering in or being instrumentalized to impact a country’s democratic process. Although the Southeast Asian context is used to discuss the opportunities and challenges of the different approaches to community-centered P/CVE research, key findings are likely relevant to other contexts.

"Research Aims - Night-market is a popular type of micro-business in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this research is to examine night markets from the perspective of business development, a perspective that has received limited attention from the literature. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed amongst nightmarket business owners in a selected venue around Penang. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS to measure the variables proposed in the study. Research Findings - The results of this study showed that commitment and business experience is significantly related to business development while government assistance yields no relationship. The age of the business owner has a significant moderating impact on the effect of commitment and business experience on business development and, again, no impact on the effect of government assistance. Theoretical Contribution/Originality - This study argues that the presumption that all microbusinesses have an entrepreneurial character should be treated with skepticism. It is important to differentiate between being entrepreneurship and making end meets. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context - Managerial Implication in the Southeast Asian Context: The present study suggests that operating a night-market business and passing it down from generation to generation while at the same time aiming for it to grow bigger is unrealistic. Research limitation & implications - This study has several limitations. First, due to time and geographical constraints, the sample size was limited to 300, and the data were collected only in Penang. Secondly, the study did not consider whether the business owners (night-market traders) were first generation owners, second generation, or beyond."

A comparative life cycle analysis of low power PV lighting products for rural areas in South East Asia

At first sight, development through tourism in Southeast Asian countries stems largely from the benefits of increased tourist arrivals and the foreign exchange earnings that emerge as a consequence. However, the unique characteristics of tourism as a social and economic activity, the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders also in the most rural areas, and the socio-cultural element of the host-guest encounter contribute to many more of the dimensions of development as it is understood today. Particularly in Southeast Asia, a region rich in environmental and cultural resources, tourism has the power to make a contribution beyond the economic sphere. This is crucial given the importance of tourism contributing to all of the 17 Sustainable Development goals, which currently shape the development agenda. Without doubt, the concept of development has changed over time and, equally so, tourism has experienced a steady evolution. However, an analysis is missing to date that not only relates tourism and development but puts this into a Southeast Asian context. This chapter therefore analyses the tourism-development nexus in Southeast Asia by applying key development theories, including modernisation, dependency, alternative development, human development, and sustainable development to tourism in a Southeast Asian context. The chapter reviews the history and current issues of tourism along with the evolution of development theories in the Southeast Asian context to ultimately understand how tourism in the region has been embracing various development paradigms.

Introduction / Sunil Amrith and Tim Harper Part I. The Long Duree 1. Knowledge Transition and the Transformation of Medicine in Early Modern Siam / Komatra Chuengsatiansup & Nopphanat Anuphongphat Part II. Health and Crisis 2. Pilgrim Ships and the Frontiers of Contagion: Quarantine Regimes from Southeast Asia to the Red Sea / Eric Tagliacozzo 3. The Influenza Epidemic of 1918-19 / Kirsty Walker 4. Disaster Medicine in Southeast Asia / Greg Bankoff Part III. Uneven Transitions 5. The Demographic History of Southeast Asia in the Twentieth Century / Peter Boomgaard 6. Rural Health in Modern Southeast Asia / Atsuko Naoko 7. Population Ageing and the Family: The Southeast Asian Context / Theresa W. Devasahayam 8. Epidemic Disease in Modern and Contemporary Southeast Asia / Mary Wilson Part IV. The Politics of Health 9. The Internationalization of Health in Southeast Asia / Sunil Amrith 10. Modernising yet Marginal: Hospitals and Asylums in Southeast Asia in the 20th Century / Loh Kah Seng 11. Healing the Nation: Politics, Medicine and Analogies of Health in Southeast Asia / Rachel Leow 12. Health or Tobacco: Competing Perspectives in Modern Southeast Asia / Loh Wei Leng 13. The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in the Field of Health in Modern Southeast Asia: the Philippine Experience / Teresa S Encarnacion Tadem Notes Contributors Index

IntroductionCivic engagement (CE) has the potential to transform mental health services and could be particularly important for low and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are rapidly developing to respond to the burden of poor mental health. Research from high income countries has found many challenges associated with the meaningful implementation of CE in practice, but this has been underexplored in LIMCS and in South East Asia (SEA) in particular.MethodsWe completed a realist synthesis and systematic review of peer reviewed publications and grey literature to identify the context and actions which promote successful implementation of CE approaches in SEA. We used a theory-driven approach—realist synthesis—to analyse data and develop context-mechanism-outcome configurations that can be used to explain how civic engagement approaches operate in South East Asian contexts. We worked closely with patient and public representatives to guide the review from the outset.ResultsFifty-seven published and unpublished articles were included, 24 were evaluations of CE, including two Randomized Controlled Trials. The majority of CE interventions featured uptake or adaptation of Western models of care. We identified important cultural differences in the enactment of civic engagement in SEA contexts and four mechanisms which, alongside their contextual barriers and facilitators, can be used to explain how civic engagement produces a range of outcomes for people experiencing mental health problems, their families and communities. Our review illustrates how CE interventions can be successfully implemented in SEA, however Western models should be adapted to fit with local cultures and values to promote successful implementation. Barriers to implementation included distrust of services/outside agencies, stigma, paternalistic cultures, limited resource and infrastructure.ConclusionOur findings provide guidance for the implementation of CE approaches within SEA contexts and identify areas for further research. Due to the collectivist nature of many SEA cultures, and the impact of shared traumas on community mental health, CE might best be implemented at community level, with a focus on relational decision making.Registration This review is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018087841.

Doctor–patient communication has been extensively studied in non-Western contexts and in relation to patients’ cultural and education backgrounds. This study explores the perceived ideal communication style for doctor–patient consultations and the reality of actual practice in a Southeast Asian context. We conducted the study in a teaching hospital in Indonesia, using a qualitative and a quantitative design. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten internal medicine specialists, ten internal medicine residents, 16 patients in two groups based on education level and ten most senior medical students. The contributions of doctors and patients to the communication during consultations were observed and rated quantitatively by thirty internal medicine residents, 393 patients with different educational backgrounds and ten senior medical students. The ‘informed and shared decision making’ is the central observation in this quantitative study. The results of the interviews showed that Southeast Asian stakeholders are in favor of a partnership style of communication and revealed barriers to achieving this: doctors and patients are not prepared for a participatory style and high patient load due to an inefficient health care system does not allow sufficient time for this type of communication. The results of the quantitative study showed a sharp contrast between observed and ideal communication styles. A paternalistic style seems to prevail, irrespective of patients’ educational background. We found a sharp conflict between ideal and reality concerning doctor–patient communication in a Southeast Asian context. Further studies should examine ways to change the prevailing communication style in the desired direction.

This paper explores the role of the Chinese in a Southeast Asian business cum societal context; from different approaches towards Chinese-ness via different notions of intra- and inter-ethnic relation towards a critique of the idea of a Chinese diaspora in a Southeast Asian context. The article argues that a culturalist reading of Southeast Asian Chinese modes of engaging in capitalist practices and societal entrenchments constitutes a deception that produces a variety of stereotypes of Chinese-ness, thus disregarding the complexity and dynamic developments within the ethnic Chinese community region-wise. Finally, in relation to Chinese business practices in a Southeast Asian context the paper suggests that cultural notions of guanxi and xinyong do not form a basis for doing business the Chinese way, but only options; that intra-ethnic relations do not play an important role in transnational Chinese linkages, and that contemporary conceptions of Chinese identity are always negotiated with the dominant ‘other’ so as to secure the construction of an economic ‘room’ or space from where business can be conducted in an overall societally acceptable manner.

"Research Aims - This study was undertaken to extend existing literature by examining the mediating effect of trust in supervisors in the relationship between perceived interactional fairness in reward systems and organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach - The SmartPLS method was applied to analyze the survey questionnaire data collected from employees at a national audit department in Malaysia. Research Findings - The results reveal that the effect of perceived interactional fairness in reward systems on organizational commitment is mediated by trust in supervisors. Theoretical Contribution/Originality - This study has proved the effectiveness of perceived interactional fairness as an essential mediating variable in the administration of reward systems. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context - The findings of this study could help superiors in public organizations to encourage and support their supervisors in implementing good treatment styles for enhancing fairness in making pay decisions and interacting with diverse subordinates. If employees trust their supervisors, it may enhance the effect of employees’ perceived fairness of reward systems on organizational commitment in public organizations in Southeast Asia. Research limitation & implications - This study is limited by its sample, self-report questionnaire scale, and exclusion of several important demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, education, position, and duration of service) in the research model."

Writing for Eternity:A Survey of Epigraphy in Southeast Asia Anton O. Zakharov Daniel Perret Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient, 2018, 478 pp. (Études thématiques 30). ISBN 978-2-85539-150-2; ISSN 1269-8067 Epigraphy is a key source for reconstructing history, at least in the Southeast Asian context. The only chronicles or other written sources left by many local polities are inscriptions engraved on stone or metal. History of epigraphic studies in Southeast Asia began more than two centuries ago, but there are still few truly seriously [End Page 142] examined corpora of various local inscriptions. A well-known exception is the fundamental corpus of inscriptions of Cambodia initiated by the French scholar George Cœdés: his seminal Inscriptions du Cambodge (1937–66) still remains the reference book for all who study the field. Another notable exception is Inscriptions of Burma (1933-6) by Gordon Hannington Luce and U Pe Maung Tin. In 2011 the French École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) and the Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Malaysia (Malaysian Archaeologists Association) launched a workshop 'Epigraphy of Southeast Asia' in Kuala Lumpur. After seven years, in 2018, the EFEO and Daniel Perret have published a comprehensive 'overview of epigraphy in Southeast Asia' (p. 7). Writing for Eternity offers a 'corpus' perspective on regional inscriptions and outlines the histories of epigraphic studies in Southeast Asia. The title of the book invokes the message of those who engraved the inscriptions on imperishable materials: the information preserved in them should survive forever, by grace of various gods, 'while the sun and the moon exist' as, for example, is claimed by the My Son inscription of King Sri Prakasadharman-Vikrantavarman C. 87 of 687 CE. Daniel Perret opens the volume with a substantial Introduction to the history of epigraphic researches in Southeast Asian states since Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles 'emphasise[d] the importance of inscriptions' for historical, linguistic and chronological studies of the Southeast Asian past (p. 14). Perret briefly overviews the corpora of inscriptions from Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Campa, and maritime Southeast Asia that make use of Indian or Indian-derived scripts, as well as those that use Chinese or Chinese-derived, Arabic or Arabic-derived, Japanese, Armenian, Hebrew, and Latin scripts. Many languages of epigraphy are still in use; therefore, new inscriptions in them appear daily. Perret outlines questions for further research: why materials for engraving inscriptions differ in various countries; what role was played by the colonial administration for epigraphic studies; how epigraphy interacts with contemporary politics and/or nationality of scholars; the role played by private collectors and independent researchers in the field; how epigraphy interacts with other scientific disciplines like history, archaeology, religious studies etc. (p. 43). Strangely enough, Perret's Introduction does not mention Ramesh Candra Majumdar's Inscriptions of Champa (1927) and Inscriptions of Kambuja (1953). Despite many faults in his translations of Campa and Cambodian inscriptions, the Indian scholar did offer new readings and conjectures after Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars had published the inscriptions of Campa for the first time. Thus, Majumdar translated the Mỹ Sơn inscription C. 81 of 712 CE which Finot left without translation. The volume contains three parts. The first part, 'Corpora of Inscriptions in Indian Scripts and Local Variants', outweighs the others in the diversity of papers and occupies around two–thirds of the volume. 'Myanmar Epigraphy: Current State and Future Tasks' by Tilman Frasch summarizes data on inscriptions from the country and their studies in several parts. The first deals with the inscriptions in languages other than Burmese, i.e. in the Pyu language, Sanskrit, Tamil and Pali. Many Pali texts were written on gold folios and were citations from the Pali Buddhist canon. This tradition was [End Page 143] well-established during the Pyu times in the first millennium CE. These Pali texts were placed inside Buddhist stupa and functioned as a substitute for the Buddha's corporal relics. Sanskrit inscriptions in Myanmar were largely issued by the kings of the Candra Dynasty of Vesali in Rakhine (Arakan). During the Pagan Kingdom, Pali served a lingua franca for Buddhist monks from Pagan (Bagan) itself, Sri...

PurposeUsing evidence from Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Indonesia, the purpose of this paper is to explore how Islamic welfare regime notion evolves in a South East Asian (SEA) context.Design/methodology/approachTo gain a broad frame of reference in discussing Islamic welfare regimes in SEA, this paper employs a combined political-economic and cultural approach to analyze how Islamic welfare ethics in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Indonesia are developed. The specific criterion used to make a comparative analysis of these countries is an interconnection between four levels of Islamic welfare actors (state, market, community and household/relatives) in providing social welfare.FindingsMalaysia and Indonesia have demonstrated the most balanced form of “Islamic welfare diamond” in the relationship between welfare actors, even as the state-centered welfare initiative continues to be expanded, while Brunei has taken a different route. A monarchical political system underpinned by high economic growth has enabled the state to play a major role in welfare distribution, rather than other welfare actors. For this reason, Malaysia and Indonesia are described as having an “Islamic inclusive welfare regime,” while Brunei is reported to have an “Islamic welfare state regime.”Originality/valueFor the purpose of theoretical advancements, there is no doubt that this paper has proposed an alternative framework to developing an understanding of how the Islamic ethical code is articulated in a wide range of welfare configurations within the “South East Asian context.”

Creative Arts Educ Ther (2018) 4(2):87–96 DOI: 10.15212/CAET/2018/4/12 East/West Nature of ANZACATA: A Perspective on the Significance of International Connections while Asserting Southeast Asian Relevance and Context in Practice and in Postgraduate Art Therapy Training Abstract The Australian, New Zealand and Asian Creative Arts Therapies Association (ANZACATA) is uniquely positioned, geographically and philosophically, in terms of art therapy practice, training, and the ongoing development of this discipline in the Asia Pacific region. Acknowledgement of, respective for, and an embracing of culture, cultural traditions, and practices that are culturally relevant are some of the fundamentals at the core of this art therapy membership organization. A critical and multipronged relationship has been established among ANZACATA, Singapore, and the MA Art therapy training program at LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore. This article presents a perspective on the development of art therapy in Southeast Asia with consideration to the significance of East/West influences, relations, and training. The aim is to provide a reflective account of the unique East/West nature and role of ANZACATA and on art therapy in Singapore through my role as program leader of the first and only postgraduate psychodynamic art psychotherapy training in Southeast Asia. This perspective is further informed through substantial experience as a credentialed art therapist bridging Eastern and Western countries, cultures, clinical practices, and professional art(s) therapy organizations. This article was written and articulated through an expatriate’s informed lens of being immersed in the local culture over an extended period. The discourse highlights the significance of international connections while asserting Southeast Asian relevance and context as the discipline of art therapy matures in this region.

Many studies have been conducted and published on the concepts of Chinese identities in Southeast Asia since the 1950s. How the Southeast Asian Chinese define themselves within the Southeast Asian context and how they are seen by the others spanning across national and geographical divides and historiography have been the core elements and the substantial research concerns of many scholars. Since 2013, in response to the rapid development of Chinese scheme in The Belt and Road Initiative, this long-standing subject has generally been viewed by the China’s government as a homogenous Chinese overseas, namely, “Huaqiao Huaren (华侨华人),” with shared Chinese identity outside China. Despite the concept is useful at explaining the unprecedented economic scheme by strengthening both the historical and cultural connections between China and Southeast Asia under The Belt and Road Initiative, it inevitably offers a fragmentary picture to the social transformation in which the permanent Chinese population have gone through in several generations in Southeast Asia. By reviewing the previous studies concerning on the Southeast Asian Chinese, this paper discusses and summarizes the social and cultural contexts in which the changes of Chinese identities have occurred in Southeast Asia, in order to help both China and Southeast Asian countries to better recognize and harness what does the term “Chinese identity” mean in the contemporary Asian context.

This article presents a conceptual framework for the analysis of vegetable supply chains in a South East Asian context and the role wholesale markets play in these chains. Following a review of the literature on food marketing systems in developing countries and preliminary fieldwork in South East Asia, a holistic framework is proposed, including what are perceived to be the critical factors in the development of improved fresh food marketing systems: domestic legal and policy factors, international trade policies and food markets, history, geography, and cultural and social norms. The particular role of trust and collaboration among stakeholders in the Ho Chi Minh City vegetable marketing system is highlighted.